1. Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 Plateau uplift and climate change Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展

2. Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 Weathering intensity of different climate-vegetation zones Temperate forest zone Tundra zone Subtropical forest zone Tropical forest zone Tropical grassland zone Temperate Steooe zone Semidesert and desert Precipitation and evaporation Evaporation Temperature Bedrock layer Waste layer Illite and montmrillonite layer Kaolinite layer Alumina eluvium layer Ferreto and Alumina eluvium lasyer Precipitation Organic waste

3. Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 How does rock weathering affect the climate?

4. Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 How does rock weathering affect the climate?  Rock weathering to absorb CO2  Resulting in decrease of CO2 concentration in atmosphere  Reduce the greenhouse effects  Leading to cooling of climate

5. Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 ocean and continent distribution change and the climate ocean and continent distribution change ocean and continent distribution Change results in latitude change, ocean current change, consequently conduce global and regional climate change. Latitude change Ocean current change Atmospheric circulation change Global and regional climate change

6. Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 Landform and climate 1.Different landform unit has different climate 2.Landform change results in changes of climate 1) Landform change impacts local climate (Air temperature changes along with altitude) 2) Landform change impacts regional climate (Plateau uplift enhanced Asia Monsoon, altered the monsoon direction and its influencing areas.) 3) Landform change impacts global climate a. Plateau uplift resulted in colder climate of the Northern Hemisphere in late Cenozoic. b. Plateau uplift resulted in the drought climate in the midlatitude area of the Northern hemisphere.

7. Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 How does the Plateau uplift result in colder climate of the Northern Hemisphere?

8. Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 Plateau uplift conduced colder climate （ Ruddiman) Brown areas became colder ⑴ Climate simulation indicated that, in winter, plateau uplift strengthened the upper troposphere planetary wind system’s fluctuation of the Northern Hemisphere. More colder air is conveyed from high latitude zone continuously to mid-latitude zone,caused mid- latitude zone colder. ⑵ When plateau uplifted, ground snow cover increased, ground reflectivity increase, ⑶ Plateau uplift also strengthened erosion. As results,weathering increased, more carbon dioxide were consumed, greenhouse effect were reduced, the world climate became colder.

9. Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 Plateau uplift strengthened monsoon circulation, increased season differences. On uplifted ground, patent and latent heat actions were enhanced. Plateau usually became a heat source in summer and a cold source in winter, consequently monsoon circulations were strengthened, season differences were enlarged, winter became colder and drier, summer became warmer and wetter. To a certain extent, the latitudinalzonality were altered. Plateau uplift affected monsoon circulation （ Ruddiman) Before uplift(winter) after uplift (summer) Before uplift(summer) after uplift (winter ) low altitude west wind trough plateau latitude low high plateau monsoon circulation

10. Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 Interaction between Atmosphere and Lithosphere Weathering Erosion transportation Deposition Atmosphere change Lithosphere change Sea and land distribution landform Atmosphere circulation

11. Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 Landform and climate 1. landform affects Climate Thermodynamic differences between continent and ocean conduce monsoon circulation. From plateau, basin, mountain,hill to valley,plain, different landforms correspond to different local and regional climate. In mountainous area, temperature differences of hillside and valley conduce mountain and valley wind.

12. Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 Progress in Physical Geography Professor Wang Jian 自然地理学进展 climate’s affect on Landform Chemical weathering ； Mass motion Fluviation Fluviation ； Chemical weathering ； Soil Squirm Fluviation 、 weathering Drought effect ； Wind erosion Fluviation Freezing ； Solifluction ； Fluviation Glaciation niviation ； Wind erosion Main landform process Precipitous peak 、 Round hill 、 Thick soil 、 Biology reef Wet-hot climate Round hillside soil cover Mountain and valley 、 Current sediment Warm-Wet climate Hill 、 Alluvial fan 、 Rugged land dune 、 salt dome 、 wind- erosion basin, drought vale 、 wind-erosion Arid climate Solifluction terrace 、 Block Field 、 Block Stream 、 Rock Glacier 、 Drumlin Ridge,Horn,Cirque,MoraineGlacial climate Main landform character Climatic zones Periglacial climate Semi-Arid climate