1. Japan Tsunamis Over 195 tsunamis in 1,313 years – 1 event every 6.73 years. Over 195 tsunamis in 1,313 years – 1 event every 6.73 years. Sept 20, 1498 ~8.6 M earthquake Great Buddha of Kamakura cast in bronze in 1252, 103 tons, 44 feet high, eyes 3 feet apart, located at 50 feet ASL and ½ mile from shore. Buddha moved by tsunami from its original site and temple destroyed.

2. 3/1/1973 Ancient Tsunami Markers

3. 3/11/2011 Earthquake - CalTech Japan Trench where subducting Pacific Plate is overridden by Okhotsk Plate. Fault slip 8-meter contours – 50 m max uplift – 250 km length, with 50-100 km over 30 m uplift “Instead of saying a large earthquake wouldn’t happen there, we should have said we didn’t know.” – Hiroo Kanamori

5. Deep ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis 1.8 m High, ~10 min period 450 NM NE Tokyo, 5685 m deep

6. Tsunami caused by uplift of the frontal sedimentary region on eastern margin as the island of Honshu moved 17 feet eastward. Uplift of ~25 meters Death Toll 15,093 - 5/17/2011 Missing 9,093 Total 24,186 In Shelters 115,433 PMEL Source

7. . 6.7 meter (22 ft) high Tsunami in 204 m deep ocean at Iwate GPS Gauge Yamazaki/Cheung UH source for Tsunami Max 25 meter uplift, -2.8 ft depression

8. Run-Up along coast Highest 37.9 meters = 124 feet

9. Red circle: run-up height Tsunami Water Levels - Blue Triangle - Run-up Height

10. Miyako Tsunami Barrier Tsunami Height – 11.5 meter, Seawall 7.6 meter Run-up heights of 19.5 and 25.5 meter, Over roof of 4 th floor building near coast

11. Miyako Tsunami http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=voBsihraeRO&NR=1

12. Whirlpool Natori wave strikes homes 901 dead, 145 missing

13. Natori Kesennuma Tsunami height 12 meter near Sendai airport 9 meter near fishing port Tsunami Heights 9.10-14.7 meters, 16-22 meter run-up 930 dead, 604 missing

14. 8.5 meter tsunami height at Miyako tide gauge, 412 dead, 355 missing 8.0 meter at Ofunato near Tsunami source 314 dead, 150 missing

18. Rescue from Roof

19. People on Beer Factory Roof

20. Kamaishi 7-9 meter tsunami height 937 dead, 508 missing

21. Sendia Airport

22. Sendai Airport Sendia Airport 3 rd floor

24. Arahama 9.3 meter tsunami height

25. Fujitsuha

26. Ishinomaki 5 meter in Harbor 16 m runup Ogachi-machi 2964 dead, 2770 missing

27. Oshika

28. Kashima 4.22 meter and 5.2 meter tsunami height at Kashima Port

29. Helicopter Views of Japan Tsunami http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ZpFzgUFjho

30. Japan Tsunami Flooding Kesennuma http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=c3rqPPJPwLg

31. Rikuzentakata The coastline has been totally reshaped. A long barrier beach with well-vegetated land is almost completely gone. North of that flood water sits on agricultural fields. A 6.5 meter high sea wall was overtopped by a 13 meter high wave, 80% of 8,000 houses were swept away. Over 18,000 lost out of 26,000. The harbor gate failed to shut and 45 firemen where swept away while attempting to close them manually. http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=-d6-l16v-fQ http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=ScjHs9bClyc

32. Rikuzentakata Tsunami Rikuzentakata Tsunami http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScjHs9bClyc

33. Rikuzentakata Failed Gate http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-d6-l16v-fQ

34. Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant A 150 foot high splash as Tsunami impacts the turbine building, passes over its roof and strikes adjacent reactor building. The lower height structures including the diesel generators are already submerged Plant had a 19 foot high levee. The tsunami wave height was ~46 feet. http://www.vgb.org/vgbmultimedia/News/Fukushimav15VGB.pdf http://martynwilliams.posterous.com/tsunami-damage-at-fukushima-daiichi

35. Fudai, Japan and its 3000 residents survived because of a 51 foot (15.5 meter) floodgate – Run-up of 66 feet (20 meter) on gate towers

36. SWAN Numerical Model of Tsunami reaching Hawaii 2 meter contour Source

39. ----0 Tide ---

42. Makaha Beach – Mark Suiso 9 Feet Runup

43. Dan Walker’s North Shore Survey 17.5 ft

44. Haleiwa Harbor 7 Foot Run-up

45. Keehi Harbor

46. Keehi Harbor 70% boats damaged or lost

47. Kona Village Hotel Hales

48. Kealakekua Bay

50. Napoopoo

51. Napoopoo 16 feet runup - Walker

52. Napoopoo

54. Kona, Hawaii Tsunami http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91Wh0_yNJhc

55. Crescent City 8 ft high waves

56. 2004 Indian Ocean 2011 Japan 2004 Indian Ocean 2011 Japan Max Run-up 109 feet 125 feet Max Run-up 109 feet 125 feet Death Zone 33 feet 50 feet Death Zone 33 feet 50 feet Fritz/Meadows 33 feet Fritz/Meadows 33 feet EQ Length 1100 km 250 km EQ Length 1100 km 250 km Deaths 250-300,000 25,000 Deaths 250-300,000 25,000 To survive move to above 100 ft ASL, or above 4 th floor if you feel an earthquake or a Tsunami Alert To survive move to above 100 ft ASL, or above 4 th floor if you feel an earthquake or a Tsunami Alert

57. www.MCCOHI.COM TSUNAMI Science and Hawaii Hazards PowerPoint Files PowerPoints with Movies are available on NMWW DVD 12/26/2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami - 300,000 Deaths 7 /8 /1955 Lituya Bay 1600 ft High Tsunami 8/2 7/ 1883 Krakatoa Volcanic Explosion generated Tsunami Proj ec tile Impact and Explosion Generated Waves Tsuna mi Hazard for Hawaii Kai, Hawaii Hawaii T sunami Hazard from M9 Earthquake like 12/26/2004 PDF- KT A steroid Impact - Asteroid Hazard to Life on Earth Dr. Walk er Hawaii Historical Tsunami Hazard Evaluation Meadows P D F Report on Hawaii Tsunami Zone Hazards PDF 6/2010 PACON Paper on Hawaii M9+ Tsunami Hazards 6/2010 PACON PowerPoint on Hawaii M9+ Tsunami Hazards 3/11/2011 Honshu Tsunami PowerPoint Tsunami Hazard to Hawaii from Landslides and Asteroids