1. Melissa Marion Mike Milkin Eric Mill Chris Vitone Procedures for Monitoring the Structural Integrity of Venetian Bell Towers

2. Introduction  Belltowers being neglected –physical and cultural danger  Past research - visible attributes –Simplistic ranking for restoration  We will monitor these towers –More technical way of ranking need for preservation –Will be an enhanced methodology –Will redo previously evaluated towers –Will evaluate some new ones, if feasible ERIC

3. MEL General Bell Tower Information  107 towers  Oldest – 7 th Century. 11 th  Newest – 9 th Century. 1912  Tallest – 314 feet  1994 & 1995 – 23 towers

4. MEL Social Impact  History  Tall  Culture –Celebration –On the hour –Festivals  Civic Tower of Pavia

5. Past Uses of Towers  Past Use  Cause of Neglect  Proposed Future Use MIKE

6. Features  Base –Composed of non porous rock/clay  Shaft –Built with brick, metal supports.  Bellfry –Built of brick with Lavish stone or clay decorations  Spire –Slanted roofs were built with c lay shingles. MIKE

7. WebGIS Database for Bell Towers  Collection/examination of existing data –1994 &1995 IQP Data –Earthwatch  Design a unified database schema  Software for each level –Microsoft Access – data warehousing –Map Info – GIS Maps –WebGIS – Port into online format ERIC

8. Structural Integrity Issues  Wind –Dynamic Force –Strain on tower walls  Bells –Effect on bell frame –Vibrations translate to walls CHRIS

9. Structural Integrity Issues  Uplift Pressure –Rising tides –Changing of aquifers  Ground Stability –Variation in density CHRIS

10. Instrumental Measurements  Allow quantitative assessment of tower  Perform measurements –Wind Force –Bell Vibrations –Uplift Pressure –Soil composition  Duration of measurements CHRIS

11. Visual Measurements  Correlate Visual and Instrumental Parameters  Perform measurements –Dimensionality –Inclination –Damage assessment CHRIS

12. Revised Methodology ERIC  Analyze the validity of our measurements –Look at correlations between visual and instrumental measurements –Decide which are worth continuing  Modify old methodology for evaluation of belltowers –Factor in our valuable measurements

13. MIKE Analysis  The influence of natural forces on the Tower  Visual measurements vs. Instrumental  Refine the set of visual measurements

14. MIKE Instrumental Measurement  Measurement times  Parameters  Predicting influencing factors. Wind30mph30mph15mph1mph Ground Pressure 15n40n17n16n Bell V. 0m/s/s4m/s/s4m/s/s0m/s/s TowerAcc.2m/s/s7m/s/s3m/s/s1m/s/s Wind30mph30mph15mph1mph Ground Pressure 15n40n17n16n Bell V. 0m/s/s4m/s/s4m/s/s0m/s/s TowerAcc.2m/s/s7m/s/s3m/s/s1m/s/s

15. MEL Refinement of Visual Parameters  From the Results: List –Suggested Visual Parameters –Which Towers?  Work in Progress