1. IGARSS 2011 > Christian Minet > 27.07.2011 Slide 1 Haiti Earthquake (12.01.2010, M7.0) surface shift estimation using TerraSAR-X data Christian Minet (1), Michael Eineder (1), Nestor Yague-Martinez (2) (1) German Aerospace Center (DLR), Remote Sensing Technology Institute (2) Starlab Living Science, Barcelona, Spain

2. IGARSS 2011 > Christian Minet > 27.07.2011 Slide 2 The Earthquake January 12, 2010 at 21:53:10 UTC 18.443°N, 72.571°W, 13km depth ~25 km wsw of Port-au-Prince left-lateral strike slip faulting and compression between the Caribbean and North American Plate Septentrional fault system Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault system source: USGS

3. IGARSS 2011 > Christian Minet > 27.07.2011 Slide 3 The effects of the earthquake > 300,000 casualties > 1.5 m homeless > 5 bn € of economic loss collapse of thousands of buildings large-scale destruction of infrastructure triggering of landslides “change” of topography

4. IGARSS 2011 > Christian Minet > 27.07.2011 Slide 4 Available Data TerraSAR-X Stripmap data (~3m resolution, 30 km swath) 39.1° & 40.9° incident angle Data acquisition thanks to DLR’s Center for satellite Based crisis Information (ZK) and the activation of the “International Charter Space and Major Disasters” ascending path (22:54 UTC) 17.09.2008 pre- seismic 18.02.2009 co- seismic 14.01.2010 post- seismic 25.01.2010 descending path (10:44 UTC) n/a 04.11.2009 co- seismic 31.01.2010

5. IGARSS 2011 > Christian Minet > 27.07.2011 Slide 5 TerraSAR-X interferograms Interferogram formation at remote Sensing Technology Institute, using DLR’s system GENESIS compensation of topography using SRTM 3” Digital Elevation Model multilooking of 20x20 59 m 154 days 20 m 330 days 94 m 11 days precopost

6. IGARSS 2011 > Christian Minet > 27.07.2011 Slide 6 Incoherent Cross-Correlation Estimation of shift caused by parallax effects satellite orbit state vectors (<5 cm accuracy) SRTM 3” DEM geometric shift estimation as a- priori information 128x128 px regular grid (270 m x 238 m) => signal shifts displacement = signal shifts – geometric shifts

7. IGARSS 2011 > Christian Minet > 27.07.2011 Slide 7 Applied Corrections examples for ascending co-seismic datatakes Location accuracy of TerraSAR-X in the magnitude of a few centimeters Corrections necessary for: Solid Earth Tides – numbers from simulation Zenith path delays – Permanent GPS Station SET [m] at Port-au-Prince (North, East, Up) 18.02.2009 0.012818, 0.025078, 0.088032 14.01.20100.006799, 0.015156, -0.140888 Zenith path delays from SCUB 18.02.20092439.3 mm 14.01.20102534.0 mm near Satiago de Cuba, > 300 km distance => ~22 cm => ~9.5 cm

8. IGARSS 2011 > Christian Minet > 27.07.2011 Slide 8 Correlation results pre-, co- and post seismic LOS deformation retrieved from incoherent cross correlation colors and arrows indicate size and directions of LOS displacement combination of estimated range and azimuth displacements precopost

9. IGARSS 2011 > Christian Minet > 27.07.2011 Slide 9 3D inversion y observed displacement vector C εε covariance matrix of the measurement error K transformation matrix estimated 3D-displacement vector pixel by pixel basis leas squares solution maximum likelihood estimator

10. IGARSS 2011 > Christian Minet > 27.07.2011 Slide 10 3D Results maximum uplift near Léogâne (~0.7 m) Maximum shifts up to 0.5 m general direction at EPGF can be retrieved

11. IGARSS 2011 > Christian Minet > 27.07.2011 Slide 11 Verification concordant with the general tectonic regime left-lateral strike-slip deformation matches Antony Sladens (Caltech) prediction derived from waveform inversion uplift matches in-situ observations (Hayes et al, 2010) uplift of microatolls near Léogane: 0.64 ± 0.11m, patch reef bleeching change of coastline due to the uplift ALOS & SPOT 5 data yield corresponding results G. P. Hayes et al “Complex rupture during the 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake,” NATURE GEOSCIENCE, Vol. 3, Macmillan Publishers Limited, pp. 800-805, November 2010.

12. IGARSS 2011 > Christian Minet > 27.07.2011 Slide 12 Outlook include more than 2 cross-correlation inputs include and combine different sources unwrapped interferograms of all available sensors permanent GPS stations implementation of full error propagation refinement of path delay verification of weather models using Corner reflectors experiments on location accuracy continue, using corner reflectors

13. IGARSS 2011 > Christian Minet > 27.07.2011 Slide 13 Sendai unfortunately no crossing orbits available ~3m LOS displacement could be retrieved by incoh. cross-correlation deformation map showing wide spread effects by combination of several pairs => FRINGE 2011

14. IGARSS 2011 > Christian Minet > 27.07.2011 Slide 14 Thank You! Thank you to the Supersites Initiative and all contributors!