1. LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Prepared by: Savita Kukreti Pawar Public School
Kandivali

2. What are landforms?
A landform is a natural feature of the earth’s surface.

3. How are they formed? Series of concentric rock layers Bad conductors
Internal heat – rock melts
This leads to several conditions which cause landform development on the surface of the earth.

4. Causes of landforms development on the surface of the earth
Plate tectonics
Uplift and submergence
Sudden forces
Exogenic forces

5. Plate tectonics Plates float on semi molten Asthenosphere.
Push, collide or slide.
Sedimentary rock deposits- disturbance/ compressed.
Results folding
fold mountain – orogenic movements.

6. Uplift and submergence
Forces from earth’s center to the surface
Vertical movements
Large scale uplift or subsidence
Continent building – epeirogenic movements
Block mountains
Rift valleys

7. Sudden forces Earthquakes and volcanoes Constructive forces
They create relief features
Volcanoes – mountains, plateaus and plains
Earthquakes – faults and lakes

8. Exogenic Forces Forces operating on the surface External forces
Destructive forces – weathering and erosion
Both erosion and deposition

9. FORCES CAUSING LANDFORMS ENDOGENIC DIASTROPHIC EPIOROGENIC UPLIFT &
SUBMERGENCE
(CONTINENT BUILDING FORCES)
OROGENIC
(MOUNTAIN MAKING FORCES)
SUDDEN
CONSTRUCTIVE FORCES
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
EARTHQUAKES
EXOGENIC
ALLUVIAL AND EROSIONAL PLAINS

10. LANDFORMS AND THEIR TYPES
MOUNTAINS
PLATEAUS
PLAINS

11. TYPES OF MOUNTAINS TYPES OF MOUNTAINS FOLD MOUNTAINS BLOCK
VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS

12. FOLD MOUNTAINS
How are fold mountains formed?

13. FEATURES OF FOLD MOUNTAINS
1. Irregular folds in fold mountains due to unequal pressure

14. What does this image show

15. Which type of rocks have this feature?
How are these rocks formed?

16. FEATURES OF FOLD MOUNTAINS
Feature 2: most of these mountains are constituted of sedimentary rocks formed due to deposition and consolidation of sediments in shallow oceans

17. FEATURES OF FOLD MOUNTAINS
3. FOLD MOUNTAINS HAVE GREATER LENGTH BUT COMPARATIVELY SMALL WIDTH

18. FEATURES OF FOLD MOUNTAINS
Feature iv: most fold mountains are found on the margins of continents
Feature v : fold mountains are associated with volcanic activity and has many active volcanoes

19. VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS

20. BLOCK MOUNTAINS
How are block mountains formed

21. BLOCK MOUNTAINS

22. Plateaus
Plateau is defines as an area of high ground, 500 feet above the ground level
The uplands have steep slope on one side
The upper part is generally flat and is called tableland.

23. Types Of Plateaus 1. INTERMONTANE PLATEAU 2.PIEDMONT PLATEAU
3.VOLCANIC PLATEAUS
4.UPLIFTED PLATEAU

24. Intermontane Plateau Highest and most extensive
Surrounded by hills and mountains on all sides
Formed along with fold mountains.
Example : the Tibetan plateau and Columbian plateau

25. INTERMONTANE PLATEAU

26. TIBET PLATEAU

27. LOCATION OF TIBET PLATEAU

28. Piedmont Plateaus Mountain ranges on one side and plains on one side.
The side facing the plains has steep slopes.
Residual plateaus – derived from ancient fold system.
Example : Patagonian plateau

29. Piedmont Plateau

30. PEIDMONT PLATEAU

31. Volcanic Plateau Derived from lava flows from volcanic eruptions.
Example : The Plateau of Peninsular India.
Columbian plateau.

32. COLUMBIAN PLATEAU

33. LOCATION OF COLOMBIAN PLATEAU

34. Uplifted Plateau
During volcanic activity the endogenic forces may uplift the middle portion of the landmass.
The sides get rounded forming a dome shaped tableland.
Example : Chota Nagpur plateau.

35. CHOTA NAGPUR PLATEAU

36. Plains
An extensive area of low land with a level or gently undulating surface.
Most intriguing landform process
There are endless variations – hence it is an imprint of past and present landform.
What are Plains

37. PLAINS

38. Types Of Plains
Structural
Erosional
Depositional

39. Structural Plains Formed due to uplift or subsidence of land.
Diastrophic forces may cause uplift of a portion of land beneath the ocean water or may cause submergence of coastal land under ocean water.

40. Location of the great plains of USA

41. Example of structural plains
The Great Plains are formed due to uplift of land submerged under water
The Coromandel plains in India are the result of mild subsidence followed by sedimentation.

42. ERROSIONAL PLAINS These plains are formed by agents of erosion like
River
Wind
Chemical weathering

43. TYPES OF EROSIONAL PLAINS
Peneplains
Glacial erosion
Wind eroded
Karst plain

44. Peneplains
Landscapes in which almost all hills have been worn down as a result of erosion.
Peneplains literally means almost a plain.

45. Peneplains – some resistant peaks remaining

46. LORRAINE PLAIN IN FRANCE

47. LOCATION OF LORRAINE PLAIN

48. GLACIAL EROSION
These plains have rounded peaks and worn down ice scoured shield lands
Due to the action of the glacier the area gets worn down and the height is reduced.

49. GLACIAL EROSION

50. PLAINS OF GLACIAL EROSION

51. Wind eroded plains
Strong winds pick up weathered materials and deposit them else where
These formations are called pediplains.
They are also called reg, serir and hamada in sahara desert.

52. KARST PLAINS

53. Karst plains
Due to chemical weathering the area gets eroded and produces undulating topography.
This type of features are mostly found in limestone landscapes where chemical weathering takes place.

54. DEPOSITIONAL PLAINS
These plains are caused due the deposition of various agents such as
River
Wind
Sea

55. RIVER DEPOSITION

56. RIVER DEPOSITIONAL PLAINS

57. GANGA ALUVIAL PLAIN

58. WIND DEPOSITION PLAIN

59. MARINE DEPOSITION PLAIN