1. "A bomber aircraft on take-off carries 12 dozen bombs, each weighing 10 kilos. The aircraft takes off for Warsaw the international centre for Jewry. It bombs the town. On take-off with all bombs on board and a fuel tank containing 100 kilos of fuel, the aircraft weighed about 8 tons. When it returns from the crusade, there are still 230 kilos left. What is the weight of the aircraft when empty ?“
Exam question in Nazi Germany

2. Education and Youth in Nazi Germany
What were the aims and effects?

3. "To keep a mentally ill person costs approximately 4 marks a day
"To keep a mentally ill person costs approximately 4 marks a day. There are 300,000 mentally ill people in care. How much do these people cost to keep in total? How many marriage loans of 1000 marks could be granted with this money?“
Exam question in Nazi Germany

4. What were the aims?
Your ideas

5. What were the aims? Create a loyal following
Control ideas of the young population: indoctrination
Instil values of Nazi regime: fitness, discipline, loyalty; as well as Nazi ideology (e.g. anti-Semitism)
Prepare next generation of Nazi soldiers and mothers

6. How did these aims manifest themselves? School
Reich Education Ministry (1934)
No major change in structure of education
Radical revision of syllabus
History All media for transition of
Biology Nazi philosophy; also PE
German
Teachers vetted by local authority; 97% joined the Nazi Teachers' Association
Students encouraged to inform on teachers

7. “A young German must be as swift as a greyhound, as tough as leather, and as hard as Krupp's steel." Hitler
Special schools for boys:
Adolf Hitler Schools - future leaders of Germany: 6 years of tough physical training then to the army or to university
Order Castles – very best students
Took pupils to the limits of physical endurance: war games used live ammunition and pupils were killed
Those who graduated from the Order Castles could expect to attain a high position in the army or SS

8. How did these aims manifest themselves? University
‘Unreliable’ teachers dismissed
‘Jewish’ theses banned e.g. Einstein
% of university posts changed
Why was university so important to control?

9. How did these aims manifest themselves? Youth Movements
Hitler Youth: as important as school
Movements for young people already existed (Nazi youth 1920s)
Almost compulsory by 1936; actually 1939
Catered for year olds
Boys: preparation for military service
Girls: preparation for motherhood

10. Boys
Deutsches Jungvolk (German Young People) 10-14
Hitler Jugend (Hitler Youth) 14-18
Girls
Jungmadelbund (League of Young Girls) 10-14
Bund Deutscher Madel (League of German Girls) 14-18
Activities?

12. T. Rieger Boy from Hitler's Youth (1941)

13. Tasks: According to source 1 what is the aim of education policy?
What is the purpose of History teaching according to source 2? Why is controlling History important?
Look at source 5: describe the trend in membership of the Hitler Youth.
What can we learn about the indoctrination of youth through source 6?

14. Balder von Shirach oversaw the Hitler Youth