1. SELF AND PERSONALITY By: Susan Gupton
Chapter 11:
SELF AND PERSONALITY
By: Susan Gupton

2. A SIMPLE REMINDER!
Module 11 is harder than the last few modules! The best description I can give of this module is that it is very similar in nature to that of Module 2. It is similar in that there are several theories to keep straight in order to SUCCESSFULLY PASS MODULE 11!!!

3. In this presentation we will try to master the following:
Erikson’s Theory vs. Freud’s Theory
Erikson’s Eight Stages
Social Learning Theory vs. Psychoanalytic vs. Psychometric
State vs. Trait (stability of personality)
Goodness of Fit
Personality changes with age

4. These objectives are not all you need to know
These objectives are not all you need to know. However, we have found that this is the material students often have the most trouble mastering!

5. Erikson v. Freud More emphasis on social influences
Development continued throughout life (womb to tomb)
Emphasis on rational ego
More emphasis on sexual urges
Development was complete in early childhood
Emphasis on irrational id

6. Erikson’s Eight Stages
Trust v. Mistrust (Birth-1)
Autonomy v. Shame (1-3)
Initiative v. Guilt (3-6)
Industry v. Inferiority (6-12)
Identity v. Role Confusion (12-20)
Intimacy v. Isolation (20-40)
Generativity v. Stagnation (40-65)
Integrity v. Despair (65-older)

7. Erikson’s view on the word “CRISIS”
Crisis does NOT mean a problem that the person has.
It is an encounter between the INDIVIDUAL’S maturing EGO and the demands of the SOCIAL WORLD
THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT AND I CAN PROMISE YOU THAT YOU WILL SEE THIS AGAIN!!! HINT HINT!!!!!!

8. Committment
Yes No
Crisis

9. Committment
Yes No
Crisis

10. Committment
Yes No
Achievement
Crisis

11. Committment
Yes No
Achievement
Crisis

12. Committment
Yes No
Achievement
Moratorium
Crisis

13. Committment
Yes No
Achievement
Moratorium
Crisis

14. Committment
Yes No
Achievement
Moratorium
Foreclosure
Crisis

15. Committment
Yes No
Achievement
Moratorium
Foreclosure
Crisis

16. Committment
Yes No
Achievement
Moratorium
Foreclosure
Diffusion
Crisis

17. Three Important Learning Theories
Social Learning
Psychometric
Psychoanalytic
It is important to know how each theory compares with the others and to note the similarities and differences between them.
Think Chapter 2!!!!!

18. IMPORTANT TERMS TO REMEMBER!
STATE  depends on situations that
the individual is going through at the
time
Example: you are anxious about exams
TRAIT  stable through life across time and
situations
Example: you are an anxious person at
every age and in most situations

19. PSYCHOANALYTIC V. PSYCHOMETRIC
Has stages
People undergo similar personality changes at similar stages
Age-related
TRAIT
NO stages
People undergo similar personality changes in five dimensions
Stable
TRAIT

20. SOCIAL LEARNING V. PSYCHOANALYTIC
Influenced by environment
Personality can change at any time
People change if environment changes
Situational influences on behavior
STATE
Has stages
People undergo similar personality changes at similar stages
Universal
Age-related
TRAIT

21. SOCIAL LEARNING V. PSYCHOMETRIC
Influenced by environment
Personality can change at any time
People change if environment changes
Situational influences on behavior
NO stages
People undergo similar personality changes in five dimensions
Stable

22. GOODNESS OF FIT
The fit between biological dispositions and environmental expectations
Example: Personality is STABLE if goodness of fit between your personality and environmental expectations
IF fit is NOT good there is less stability and more change in personality

23. GOODNESS OF FIT IS A VERY IMPORTANT TERM!

24. I hope this presentation has been helpful and you will find the material beneficial not only to pass the quiz but to apply to everyday life!
I created a self test on the material presented. You can turn your work in to a tutor or Dr. Ironsmith. This will earn you 5 Imperial Credits (so make good use of this opportunity) GOOD LUCK!!!!!!!!

25. Which theorist believed in the following?
Development was completed in early childhood and stages end in adolescence
Placed the most emphasis on irrational ID
Emphasis was placed mainly on biological and sexual urges

26. For the following two examples, identify which of Erikson’s eight stages best matches with the examples
Sammy wants to pour the milk on his cereal by himself. When mommy starts to pour the milk, he puts his hands over the bowl and shouts, “No! Me Do It!”
Hannah sees Dr. Eppler teaching Elizabeth how to knit, and Hannah begs us to also teach her how to knit. That same day, Hannah also pleads to be allowed to help make Joey’s birthday cake.

27. For the following three examples, identify whether they best fit the Social Learning Theory, Psychometric, or Psychoanalytic models
Stable across the lifespan, and is different for each individual
Universal/age related changes, similar for different people at the same age
Can change at any time in a person’s life, depends on the situation at hand and is strongly influenced by the environment

28. Which theorist believed the following?
Development continued throughout a person’s life
More emphasis was placed on social influences
Emphasis was placed on the rational ego

29. 8) Which theorist is being described in the following statements?
Emphasis was placed on learning experiences and child rearing
Emphasis was placed on modeling and imitation
No stages – development is continuous

30. 9) Which identity status is being described?
Have not yet experienced a crisis
Accepted identity which was merely suggested to you by your parents
Diffusion
Moratorium
Foreclosure
Achievement

31. Which identity status is being described?
Have not thought about who you are
Have not committed to an identity
Diffusion
Foreclosure
Achievement
Moratorium

32. Answers for the self test:
Freud
Autonomy v. Shame
Initiative v. Guilt
Psychometric
Psychoanalytic
Social Learning Theory
Erikson
Bandura
C- Foreclosure
A- Diffusion