1. The Skeletal System
Medical Terminology

2. Key System Terminology
Bone oste/o
Bone marrow myel/o
Note myel/o also means spine
Joints arthr/o
Cartilage chondr/o
Bursa burs/o

3. Bone Anatomy Diaphysis Medullary cavity Yellow marrow Epiphysis
Red marrow
Compact bone
Lamellar bone
Spongy bone
Trabecular bone
Periosteum
Endosteum
Articular cartilage
Epiphyseal plate
Ligament – connects bone to bone
Tendon

4. Appendicular skeleton
Axial skeleton
80 bones
Skull
Spine
Thoracic cage
Appendicular skeleton
126 bones
Shoulder girdle + arm
Hip girdle + leg
206 bones

5. Cranium Face Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Sphenoid Ethmoid
Zygomatic
Maxillary
Mandible
Palatine
Lacrimal
Vomer
Hyoid Bone

6. Ribs (rib = costal) [12 pairs]
True (7)
False (3)
Floating (2)
Sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid
Shoulder
Clavicle
Scapula
Acromion Process
Arm
Humerus
Radius
Ulna ( & olecranon process)
Wrist & Hand
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

7. Pelvic Girdle (hip/ Coxa)
Spine
Vertebrae
Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacrum (5)
Coccyx (4)
Intervertebral Discs
Pelvic Girdle (hip/ Coxa)
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Sacrum
Acetabulum

8. Legs Ankle & Foot Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals
Talus
Calcaneus
Lateral & Medial Malleolus
Metatarsals
Phalanges

9. Skeletal System Structures in Medical Terminology
Oste/o = bone
Chondr/o = cartilage
Arthr/o = joints
Myel/o = bone marrow
Note: also can mean spine
Burs/o = bursa
Cost/o = rib

10. Joints (Articulations)
Functional classification based upon movement:
immovable = synarthrosis
slightly movable = amphiarthrosis
freely movable = diarthrosis
Most are diarthrosis
Also called synovial joints
Joints
Synovial Membrane
Synovial Fluid
Bursa
Articulations
Ligaments
(compare to tendons)

11. Bursa
A sac made up of:
Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid

12. Medical Specialists of the Skeletal System
Orthopedist
Those with a medical school degree
Those with a osteopathic school degree
Chiropracter
All diseases center around spinal mal-alignment
Podiatrist
Orthotics

13. Pathology of the Skeletal System
Ankylosis (ankyl/o = stiff; bent)
Arthralgia
Arthrosclerosis
Bursitis
Chondroma
Chondromalacia (-malacia= abnormal softening)
Hallux valgus (bunion; big toe bent towards other toes)
Luxation
Synovitis
Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Ankylosing Spondylitis (spondyl = vertebrae)
This is a type of rheumatoid arthritis
Talipes (club foot)

14. Pathology of the Skeletal System
Spine
Herniated disc
Lumbago
Spina bifida
Kyphosis
Lordosis
Scoliosis

15. Scoliosis Kyphosis Lordosis

16. Pathology of the Skeletal System
Bone
Exostosis (callus)
Osteomalacia
Osteitis deformans
Periostitis
Osteochondroma
Osteoporosis
Fractures
Closed (simple)
Open (compound)
Colles’