3. JOINTS FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION
Synarthroses: immovable
Amphiarthroses: slightly movable
Diarthroses: freely movable
STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION
Fibrous joints: bones joined by fibrous tissue; no joint cavity
Cartilaginous joints: bones joined by cartilage; no joint cavity
Synovial joints: joint cavity present
mainly axial skeleton

4. JOINTS (cont)
FIBROUS
Sutures: seams of cranial bones; (synostoses=fused bones)
coronal, lambdoid, sagital sutures
Syndesmoses: bones connected by ligaments
between tibia and fibular, between radius & ulna
Gomphoses: peg-in-socket; fibrous
teeth in the alveolar socket

5. JOINTS (cont) CARTILAGINOUS
Synchondroses: bones joined by hyaline cartilage
eg-epiphyseal plate.
Symphyses: fibrocartilage pad between
eg-pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

7. Synovial Joints
Those joints in which the articulating bones are separated by a fluid-containing joint cavity
All are freely movable diarthroses
Examples – all limb joints, and most joints of the body

8. Synovial Joints: General Structure
Synovial joints all have the following
Articular cartilage
Joint (synovial) cavity
Articular capsule
Synovial fluid
Reinforcing ligaments

10. Range of Motion of Synovial Joints
nonaxial—slipping movements only
uniaxial—movement in one plane
biaxial—movement in two planes
multiaxial—movement in three planes

11. Synovial Joints: Plane
intercarpal
intertarsal
carpometacarpal
tarsometatarsal
vertebrocostal
intervertebral

12. Synovial Joints: Hinge
elbow
interphalangeal (finger; toe)
ankle (tib-fib w/ talus)
knee—modified hinge

13. Synovial Joints: Pivot
atlantoaxial
radioulnar

14. Synovial Joints: Condyloid
radiocarpal
knuckle
(metacarpophalangeal)
metatarsophalangeal

15. Synovial Joints: Saddle
thumb (carpometacarpal)

16. Synovial Joints: Ball-and-Socket
shoulder (glenohumeral)
hip (coxal)

19. muscle
tendon
bursae
synovial
cavity
Fig , p. 656

20. muscle
femur
vein
artery
patella
fat pad
ligament
tibia