1. 6332 Day-Lighting Buildings Christoph Reinhart Energy Occupant Behavior Rules of Thumb Energy Considerations GSD 6332 – Occupant Behavior Occupant BehaviorEnergy Considerations Daylight Factor x Design SkyDaylight Autonomy

2. Course Outline Week 1: Course Introduction Shading Studies Week 2: Climate Files Daylighting Rules of Thumb Week 3: Simulation I (Ecotect) Simulation II (Radiance) Week 4: Simulation III (more Radiance) Visit MIT – LAM & Partners Week 5: Simulation IV (Daysim) Occupant Behavior Week 6:El. Lighting & Fixture Design Scale Models Week 7: Midterm Project Critique Lighting Simulation IV Week 8: Instructor away (no class) Field Trip - Visit Kalwall Week 9:Lighting Controls Toplighting (VELUX) Week 10: Case Studies (ARUP) Commissioning (LBNL) Week 11: Complex Fenestration Systems Thanksgiving (no class) Week 12: Aesthetics of light (Sampson) Art in Simulation Week 13: Project Progress Review Light and Health TBD: Final Project Critique

3.  Oct 27 - Midterm Project Critique Misc

4. You will learn about …  occupant use of personal controls Objective of today’s lecture

5. Review - Dynamic Daylight Simulations  As opposed to a static simulation that only considers one sky condition at a time, dynamic daylight simulations generate annual time series of interior illuminances and/or luminances.

6. Demo: Ecotect Export to Daysim - run static simulation - simulation parameters - *ill files

7. Daylight Factor x Design Sky versus Daylight Autonomy Daylight Factor x Design Sky Daylight Autonomy

8. Museum Lighting  Annual Light Exposure: established upper threshold for artwork – already established used used for museums (CIE TC3-22 ‘Museum lighting and protection against radiation damage’)

9. categorymaterial classification example of materials lighting illuminance limiting annual exposure Iinsensitivemetal, stone, glass, ceramic no limit IIlow sensitivitycanvases, frescos, wood, leather 200 lux600 000 lux h /yr IIImedium sensitivity watercolor, pastel, various paper 50 lux150 000 lux h/yr IVhigh sensitivity silk, newspaper, sensitive pigments 50 lux 15 000 lux h/yr Museum Lighting Requirements CIE TC3-22 ‘Museum lighting and protection against radiation damage’

10. Example: Seattle Art Museum - Arup Lighting using Daysim 3D model of site and building ARUP Lighting source: http://irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ie/light/RadianceWorkshop2005/PDF/Franks_ArupCaseStudies.pdf

11. Example: Seattle Art Museum - Arup Lighting using Daysim Sidelit Gallery ARUP Lighting

12. Example: Seattle Art Museum - Arup Lighting using Daysim Museum Open Hours - 1,500,000+ lux-hours ARUP Lighting

13. Example: Seattle Art Museum - Arup Lighting using Daysim Automatic Shading + Switching - 555,000 lh ARUP Lighting

14. Wrigley Global Innovation Center Chicago, Illinois – AEC simulation: AEC Winter Garden Atrium break area Views from adjacent offices

15. Illuminance hours requirements for ficus trees simulation: AEC Wrigley Global Innovation Center Chicago, Illinois - AEC simulation: AEC

16. Occupant Behavior

17. architecture: Meier-Weinbrenner-Single, Nürtingen passive house standard advanced glazing SHW, PV ventilation heat recovery ground heat exchanger night ventilation Reinhart, Voss 2003 Monitoring User Behavior

18. HOBO data logger Illuminance Temperature occupancy Monitoring Setup in the Offices

19. receiver 2414.5 MHz data acquisition EIB system Blind setting video surveillance camera Monitoring Blind Usage

20. type 1 type 2 Jim Love, University of Calgary Switch-On Probability (I)

21. Switch-On Probability (II)

22. People are Consistent but Different

23. Pigg et al. University of Wisconsin behavioral patterns change in the presence of automated controls Switch-Off Probability

24. Manual blind control model  Daysim: active (energy conscious) or passive user  Associate work plan sensor with window  Note: this step requires to couple individual sensors together.  Benefit: Direct comparison between daylighting concepts with and without movable and/or fixed shading devices work plane sensors window with blinds ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

25. annual occupancy profiles annual illuminance profiles Lightswitch 2002 Lightswitch Algorithm (stochastic) el. lighting/blinds profile Reinhart, 2002 Model Overview

26. stochastic process: switch on probability Manual Lighting Control Algorithm

27. field study approach

28. Example I – single office  Located in Ottawa Canada  Taken from Daysim tutorial office building three lighting zones

29. Example I – single office  same results for North and South offices  no daylight on the central aisle Daylight factor simulation

30. Example I – single office  ample amount of daylight in both offices  up to 30% DA on aisle => on/off switch with timer Daylight Autonomy simulation

31. Lighting Controls Photocell-controlled Dimming with Occupancy Sensor Occupancy sensor. Photocell.

32. Demo: Daysim - active and passive behavior

33. Example I – single office  absolute comparison of different control strategies  reference case is manual on/off switch with venetian blinds Electric Lighting Use in South facing Office

34. By Oct 23 rd :  Work through the rest of the Getting Started document  Read through Daylighting Metrics Paper  Read Daysim tutorial pages 18 -32  Voluntarily: Read Rendering with Radiance Chapters 10 - 13 Reading:

35. Questions…