1. Muscle Names & Movement
November 8, 2013

2. Rules of Muscle Movement
All muscles have at least two points of attachment.
The origin is attached to the less movable bone
The insertion is attached to the more moveable bone.
Muscles can only contract / pull. They cannot push.
During contraction, the muscle insertion moves toward the origin.
interactive animation!
If muscles can’t push, how do we do the opposite movement?
How do we extend the arm?

3. Rules of Muscle Movement
All muscles have at least two points of attachment.
The origin is attached to the less movable bone
The insertion is attached to the more moveable bone.
Muscles can only contract / pull. They cannot push.
During contraction, the muscle insertion moves toward the origin.
interactive animation!
Different muscles – called antagonists – do the opposite movement.
Example: biceps flexes the elbow while the triceps extends the muscle.

4. Movements
Flexion – a movement that decreases the angle between two bones, bringing them closer together.
Extension – a movement that increases the angle between two bones, putting them farther apart.
Hyperextension – extension of a joint beyond its normal range of motion
For each, challenge the students to identify as many different examples as possible … and act them out.

5. Movements
abduction – movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.
adduction – movement of a limb towards the midline of the body
For each, challenge the students to identify as many different examples as possible … and act them out.

6. Movements rotation – movement of a bone raround its longitudinal axis
circumduction – the proximal end of a limb is stationary while the distal end moves in a circle
For each, challenge the students to identify as many different examples as possible … and act them out.

7. Movements of the foot
dorsiflexion – lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin
plantar flexion – pointing the toes
inversion – turning sole medially
eversion – turning sole laterally
For each, challenge the students to identify as many different examples as possible … and act them out.

8. Movements of radius and ulna
supination – turning the palm so that it faces anteriorly
mnemonic: cupping a bowl of soup in your palm
pronation– turning the palm so that it faces posteriorly
Pronation and supination are used as synonyms (almost) for eversion and inversion in foot, too

9. Movements
Work with a partner to come up with 5 ways to do each of the following movements:
Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction
circumduction

10. Types of Muscles
Prime mover – muscle that has the major responsibility for a movement
Antagonist – muscle that opposes / reverse a movement
Muscles can be both a prime mover and an antagonist – of different motions.
Example:
Movement
Prime mover
Antagonist
Elbow flexion
Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii
Elbow extension

11. Types of Muscles
Prime mover – muscle that has the major responsibility for a movement
Antagonist – muscle that opposes / reverse a movement
Synergist – muscles that assist movement by also producing the motion or stabilizing joints and reducing unwanted movements.
Ex: brachialis and brachioradialis are synergists of elbow
flexion because they help the biceps

12. Types of Muscles
Prime mover – muscle that has the major responsibility for a movement
Antagonist – muscle that opposes / reverse a movement
Synergist – muscles that assist movement by also producing the motion or stabilizing joints and reducing unwanted movements.
Fixator – a type of synergist that stabilizes the origin of the prime mover, so that only the insertion moves.
Example: the rotator cuff muscles of scapula are fixators
for elbow flexion.

13. Muscle names, locations, & actions
Muscles of the anterior face and neck
Name
Origin
Insertion
Action
Masseter
Temporal bone
mandible
Close jaw
Temporalis
Sternocleidomastoid
Sternum & clavical
Mastoid process of temporal bone
Flexes neck & rotates head
You don’t need to memorize origins and insertions – you do need to know where each is and what they do.

14. Muscle names, locations, & actions
Muscles of the anterior trunk
Name
Origin
Insertion
Action
Pectoralis major
Sternum, clavicle, and first 6 ribs
Proximal humerus
Adducts and flexes humerus
Rectus abdominis
pubis
Sternum and ribs 5-7
Flexes vertebral column
External oblique
Lower 8 ribs
Iliac crest
Flexes & rotates vertebral column

15. Muscle names, locations, & actions
Muscles of the posterior trunk
Name
Origin
Insertion
Action
trapezius
Occipital bone , cervicle and thoracic vertebrae
Scapular spine and clavicle
Extends neck and adducts scapula
Latissimus dorsi
Lower spine and iliac crest
Proximal humerus
Extends and adducts humerus
deltoid
Scapula and clavicle
humerus
Abducts humerus
Trapezius b/c trapezoid- shaped; deltoid = triangle shaped

17. Muscle names, locations, & actions
Muscles of the arm
Name
Origin
Insertion
Action
Biceps brachii
scapula
radius
Flexes elbow and supinates forearm
Triceps brachii
Shoulder girdle and humerus
ulna
Extends elbow
Trapezius b/c trapezoid- shaped; deltoid = triangle shaped

18. Muscle names, locations, & actions
Muscles of the anterior hip and thigh
Name
Origin
Insertion
Action
adductor
pelvis
femur
Adducts thigh
sartorius
ilium
tibia
Flex thigh
quadriceps
Femur and pelvis
Flex hip and extend knee
Trapezius b/c trapezoid- shaped; deltoid = triangle shaped

19. Muscle names, locations, & actions
Muscles of the posterior hip and thigh
Name
Origin
Insertion
Action
Gluteus maximus
Sacrum and ilium
femur
Extends thigh
Gluteus medius
ilium
tibia
Abducts thigh
hamstrings
Femur and pelvis
Extend thigh and flex knee
Trapezius b/c trapezoid- shaped; deltoid = triangle shaped

20. Practice 1
Find as many examples as you can of prime mover – antagonist pairs in the muscles just listed
Find as many synergist muscles as you can in the muscles just listed
~5 min

21. Practice 2 – fill in diagrams

24. Practice 3
In groups of 4-6, play “Simon Says” using the new vocabulary (e.g. Simon says abduct your humerus; Simon says use your quadriceps group) Simon can use notes. Try to trick each other!

25. Closure What were our objectives, and what did you learn about them.
How does what we did today address our unit question?

26. Exit Ticket
Describe the motion of the sartorius and name a synergist and an antagonist