1. Musculoskeletal system
Concepts to Master
Bones – Joints - Muscles

2. Bones
Definition:
A Bone is a hard solid organ that forms part of the skeleton.
Fact: 206 Bones divided into 3 regions.
Head Trunk Limbs
Types of Bone: spongy and compact

3. Bones Categories of Bones Long Bones: longer than wide
thin body (diaphysis) rounded ends (epiphysis)
Short Bones: cubic in shape, mostly spongy bone – wrists and ankles
Flat Bones: Thin flat and curved – a sandwich of spongy and compact bone. – skull, ribs scapula
Irregular Bones: not covered by the other categories because of their irregular shape – spine

4. Bones
Femur Wrist Hip Scapula

5. Bones Function of Bones
Support: Keeps us vertical: supports soft organs (heart, lungs, liver, intestines)
Protection: Organ protection – brain, heart, lungs
Movement: bones act as levers during muscle movement.
Storage: fat storage – mineral storage – calcium, phosphorus
Production of Blood Cells: in the bone marrow – red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets.

6. Joints Mobility of Joints Mechanics of a Joint
Fixed: skull, hip
Semi movable: vertebrae
Freely Movable: shoulder
A junction between two or more bones
Mechanics of a Joint
Extension/Flexion
Abduction / Adduction
Rotation

7. Muscles
Muscles have the ability to contract causing our bodies OR our internal organs to move.
Muscle Functions:
Movement
Posture Maintenance
Joint Stabilization
Heat Release

8. Muscles
Three distinct types of muscles carry out the functions described on the previous slide.
Muscle Types:
Smooth Muscles
Cardiac Muscle
Skeletal Muscle

9. Muscle Properties: Skeletal Muscles:
Voluntary muscles that are attached to the skeleton.
Can react with great force for short periods of time.
Composed of bundled muscle fibers.
Muscle is fibers and bundles are covered with connective tissue.
Connective tissue fuses at the ends of muscles for form tendons.
Tendons attach bone to muscle.
Smooth Muscles:
Involuntary muscles that make up the wall of internal organs.
The help move substances from place to place.
Work slower than skeletal and tire less easily.
Cardiac Muscle:
A unique muscle that makes up the heart.
Involuntary muscle like smooth muscle.
Structure similar to skeletal muscle.
Great strength and endurance.
Contraction causes blood to flow throughout the body.