1. joints

2. Fixed (Fibrous joints) No movement occurs between the bones involved. Held in place by fibrous connective tissue On impact bone fracture rather that joint damage. Slightly movable (cartilaginous joints) Allows very limited movement Held in place by fibrous cartilage eg symphysis pubis, vertebrae joints, joints between ribs and sternum

3. Freely movable (synovial joints) Amount of movement is limited only by ligaments, muscles, tendons and adjoining bones. Highly mobile but equally weak

4. Ball-and-socket joints Spherical head of one bone fits into cup-like head of another Only occur in two places: Shoulder & Hip Hinge Joint Allows movement in one plane only. Convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of another E.g. elbow (ulna/Humerus), wrist (radius/carpals) & knee (ankle, fingers & toes)

5. Pivot Joint Rounded, pointed or conical end of one bone articulates with a ring (part bone, part ligament) E.g. 1 st vertebrae (head) / 2 nd vertebrae & radius / ulna Gliding Joint Gliding movement in any direction (back/forth, side/side), limited only by ligaments or bony processes. E.g. carpals, tarsals, sternum / clavicle, sternum / clavicle

6. Saddle joint Two saddle shaped joints Allows side/side and back/forth movements e.g. thumb / hand Condyloid (ellipsoid) joint Slightly convex fits with slightly concave Allows side/side or back/forth movements e.g. radius/carpal, metacarpal/phalanges

7. Movement of a Joint: Flexion: (bending) decreases angle between articulating bones Extension: (Straightening) increases angle between articulating bones Abduction: movement away from the body Adduction: movement towards from the body Rotation: Movement of a bone around its long axis.