1. From the first neutrino to CTA A tribute to Astroparticle Physics in South Africa Christian Spiering, DESY Cape Town, April 17, 2012

2. Fred Reines SN Remnant Potchefstroom Space weather C T A RX J1713.7-3946 H.E.S.S. group with Harm artist‘s view First atmospheric as seen with Moraal from neutrino in H.E.S.S. O. de Jager Potchefstroom University South African Mine C. Raubenheimer (with J. Sellschop from U. Witswatersrand) From the first neutrino to CTA A tribute to Astroparticle Physics in South Africa

3. 1912: Discovery of Cosmic Rays

4. Gamma Rays and Neutrinos from Cosmic Accelerators

5. Detection of TeV Gamma Rays and Neutrinos Gamma Ray camera image

6. Discovery of atmospheric neutrinos February 23, 1965 East Rand Proprietary Mine, South Africa, Depth = 3200 meters Case-Witswatersrand Collaboration (later Case-Wits-Irvine) F. Reines et al. (J.Sellschop, U. Witswatersrand) Long liquid scintillation counters Nearly horizontal track Fred Reines CWI experiment

7. Discovery of atmospheric neutrinos February 23, 1965 East Rand Proprietary Mine, South Africa, Depth = 3200 meters Case-Witwatersrand Collaboration (later Case-Wits-Irvine) F. Reines et al. (J.Sellshop, U. Witwatersrand) Long liquid scintillation counters Nearly horizontal track Fred Reines CWI experiment

8. reaction detector neutrino light cone muon

9. upward going muon in IceCube

10. TeV Gamma Astronomy  1980s: many non-imaging telescopes worldwide  No single convincing discovery of a TeV gamma sources  South Africa: Telescope arrays Mk-I and Mk-II in Noitgedaacht  One of the sub-telelescopes of Mk-II (Raubenheimer, de Jager)  1989: First discovery of a TeV source with an imaging telescope in Arizona (Crab Nebula, Whipple Telescope)

11. The H.E.S.S. Telescope Gamma ray  Four 12-m dishes  One 23-dish inauguration in Oct. 2012 Namibia

12. TeV Gamma Astronomy 2012 RX J1713.7-3946 H.E.S.S. scan of the galactic plane moon 0.5°

13. Source Type TeV Gamma Astronomy 2012 ~ 135 sources

14. We have seen until now only the tip of the iceberg !

15. The next, worldwide step: CTA Construction 2014-2019 Now prototype phase

16. Science Potential of CTA H.E.S.S. ~500 h Expected with CTA ~500 h GLAST MAGIC The “quite expensive” line H.E.S.S. Crab 10% Crab 1% Crab Fermi E. F(>E) [TeV/cm 2 s] expect ~1000 sources

17. Space Weather Research  Quite recently, DESY (Zeuthen) and the University Kiel, together with a group from the Potchefstroom University (Harm Moraal), have installed particle detectors at the German Antartic Research Station „Neumayer“ and at the German Research Vessel „Polarstern“.  The detected particles are muons and low-energetic neutrons which can be used to monitor the solar activity and provide data on space weather.

18. Summary  South Africa has played a notable role in astroparticle physics.  Germany and South Africa have built up close connections within the H.E.S.S. project, and now also on space weather research.  Gamma Astronomy at TeV energies is stormy developing. Next step: CTA  Hope for first neutrino discoveries with IceCube in the next couple of years  true multimessenger TeV astronomy !