1. Chapter 4.4- 4.5 URBAN AND ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY

2.  Urban Geography is the study of how people use space in cities. URBAN GEOGRAPHY

3.  Cities are centers of business and culture.  Suburbs are political units touching the border of a central city or another suburb that touches the city. CITIES AND SUBURBS Pearland is a SUBURB or HOUSTON.

4.  Urbanization is the movement of people into cities.  Over the past two centuries, more and more people are moving closer to cities and away from large areas of open land.  Cities can be found on all continents except Antarctica. URBANIZATION

5.  An economy consists of the production and exchange of goods and services among a group of people.  The process and exchange of these goods and service is known as an Economic System. ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

6.  A traditional economy is an economy where goods and services are exchanged without trading money.  Also known as “bartering.” TRADITIONAL ECONOMY

7.  A command economy is when the production of goods and services is determined by a central government.  Also known as a “planned economy”. COMMAND ECONOMY

8.  A market economy is when the production of goods and services is determined by the demand from consumers  Also known as Capitalism. MARKET ECONOMY

9.  A mixed economy is a combination of a command economy and a market economy. MIXED ECONOMY

10.  Per Capita Income: average amount of money earned by each person in a political unit  Gross National Product (GNP): the total value of all goods and services produced by a country over a year or some other specific period of time.  Gross Domestic Product (GDP): total value of all goods and services produced within a country in a given time period. MEASURING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

11.  The infrastructure of a nation is made up of the basic support systems needed to keep an economy going, including power, communications, transportation, water, sanitation, and education systems. INFRASTRUCTURE

12.  Natural Resources are materials on or in the earth that have economic value.  3 types  Renewable: can be replaced through natural processes (trees, seafood).  Non-renewable: cannot be replace once used (metals, gemstones, sulfur, natural gas, oil, coal).  Inexhaustible Energy Sources: resources that are the result of solar or planetary processes and are unlimited (sunlight, wind, heat ). RESOURCES