1. 15 Chapter Stockholders’ Equity Intermediate Accounting 12th Edition
Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield
Prepared by Coby Harmon, University of California, Santa Barbara

2. Two Primary Sources of Equity Assets – Liabilities = Equity
Corporate Capital
Common Stock
Account
Contributed Capital
Additional Paid-in Capital
Account
Preferred Stock
Account
Two Primary Sources of Equity
Retained Earnings
Account
Assets – Liabilities = Equity
Less:
Treasury Stock
Account
LO 2 Identify the key components of stockholders’ equity.

3. The Corporate Form of Organization
State Corporate Law
Corporations must submit a Corporate Charter to the desired State of incorporation.
A Corporate Charter includes 1) Articles of Incorporation and 2) ByLaws
General Motors - incorporated in Delaware.
U.S. Steel - incorporated in New Jersey.
LO 1 Discuss the characteristics of the corporate form of organization.

4. The Corporate Form of Organization
Common Stock - represent owners’ shares or interests in the business. Shareholders bear ultimate risk of loss & benefits. Common Stockholders’ rights include:
To share proportionately in profits and losses.
To share proportionately in management (the right to vote on major issues).
To share proportionately in assets upon liquidation.
To share proportionately in any new issues of stock of the same class—called the preemptive right.
LO 1 Discuss the characteristics of the corporate form of organization.

5. The Corporate Form of Organization
Par Value - Nominal value per share of Common Stock established in the Corporate Charter - *No relation to market value
The initial sale of stock cannot be below Par Value. The secondary market, however, can sell for whatever the market demands.
Par value was originally established to protect creditors. Owners could not withdraw ownership interests below Par Value of stock “Legal Capital”.
Today many states permit No-Par Stock. State law will establish the requirements.
LO 1 Discuss the characteristics of the corporate form of organization.

6. The Corporate Form of Organization
Ex) Assume a Corporation issues 100,000 shares of $10 par value Common Stock for $32 per share, prepare the necessary journal entry.
DR CR
Cash 3,200,000
Common Stock 1,000,000
Paid In Capital – CS 2,200,000

7. The Corporate Form of Organization
Ex) Assume a Corporation issues 100,000 shares of No Par value Common Stock for $32 per share, prepare the necessary journal entry.
DR CR
Cash 3,200,000
Common Stock 3,200,000

8. The Corporate Form of Organization
Authorized Shares – Maximum number of shares to be issued per the charter. Selling more than Authorized amount requires a vote by the Board of Directors.
Unissued Shares – Total number of shares that have never been issued.
Issued Shares – Total number of shares that have been Issued [Outstanding Shares and Treasury Shares].
Outstanding Shares – Total shares of stock owned by stockholders on a given date.
Treasury Shares – Stock that has once been issued and since purchased back by the company. Treasury stock is considered issued stock that is currently inactive.
LO 1 Discuss the characteristics of the corporate form of organization.

9. The Corporate Form of Organization
Authorized Shares = Issued Shares + Unissued Shares
Outstanding + Treasury Shares
LO 1 Discuss the characteristics of the corporate form of organization.

10. Corporate Capital Treasury Shares
Treasury stock is considered inactive Issued Stock
The Treasury stock account is a Contra Equity account reducing the overall value of equity
Equity:
Common Stock $100,000
($1 Par 100,000 shares issued
98,000 shares OS)
Additional PIC ,000
Retained Earnings ,000
Treasury Stock (2,000 shares) (75,000)
Total Equity: $700,000
LO 4 Describe the accounting for treasury stock.

11. Corporate Capital Treasury Shares (Reacquisition of Shares)
Corporations purchase their outstanding stock:
To improve the EPS and ROE ratios
To have shares available to distribute through Employee Benefit Plans
To maintain control of ownership in the company [perhaps to prevent an unwanted takeover]
To make a market in their stock
LO 4 Describe the accounting for treasury stock.

12. Corporate Capital Common Stock $100,000
[$5 par value, 500,000 shares authorized]
[? shares issued, ? shares OS]
Paid in Capital - Common Stock
$400,000
Retained Earnings
$500,000
Treasury Stock [2,000 shares]
($36,000)
Total Stockholders' Equity
$964,000
How many Common Stock shares are issued?
$100,000/$5 p/s = 20,000 shares issued
How many Common Stock shares are outstanding?
20,000 issued – 2,000 Treasury = 18,000 shares outstanding
What is the average market price per share of Issued Common Stock?
($100,000 + $400,000)/20,000 = $25 p/s

13. Preferred Stock Preferred Stock
A special class of stock with specific rights over Common Stock
Preferred Stock has some characteristics of Debt
And some characteristics of Equity
LO 5 Explain the accounting for and reporting of preferred stock.

14. Preferred Stock Preferred Stock Has no voting Rights
Raises equity funds without diluting Common stockholders’ voting control
Has a fixed dividend rate which takes priority over Common stockholders when dividends are declared
Has priority over Common stockholders in case of asset liquidation.
LO 5 Explain the accounting for and reporting of preferred stock.

15. Preferred Stock
Example of Fixed Dividend Rate on Preferred Stock: If a company has $500,000 of 6% Preferred Stock outstanding, the Fixed Dividend Rate is: $500,000 * .06 = $30,000 per year

16. Preferred Stock Specific Features of Preferred Stock Cumulative
Participating
Convertible
Callable
Redeemable
A corporation may attach whatever preferences or restrictions, as long as it does not violate its state incorporation law.
Accounting for preferred stock at issuance is similar to that for common stock.
LO 5 Explain the accounting for and reporting of preferred stock.

17. Preferred Stock
Cumulative Preferred Stock - requires that if a corporation fails to pay a dividend in any year, it must make it up in a later year before paying any dividends to common stockholders.
Participating Preferred Stock – shares ratably with the common stockholders in any profit distribution beyond the prescribed preferred stock rate. That is, 5 percent preferred stock, if fully participating, will receive not only its 5 percent return, but also dividends at the same rates as those paid to common stockholders if paying amounts in excess of 5 percent of par or stated value to common stockholders.
LO 5 Explain the accounting for and reporting of preferred stock.

18. Preferred Stock
Convertible Preferred Stock – allows stockholders, at their option, to exchange preferred shares for common stock at a predetermined ratio.
Callable Preferred Stock - permits the corporation at its option to call or redeem the outstanding preferred shares at specified future dates and at stipulated prices.
Redeemable Preferred Stock – has a mandatory redemption period or a redemption feature that the issuer cannot control. This type of Preferred Stock is more like debt than equity because it is a legal obligation to pay by a deadline date. FASB now requires this type of Preferred Stock to be reported as a liability.
LO 5 Explain the accounting for and reporting of preferred stock.

19. Types of Dividends Cash dividends. Property dividends.
Liquidating dividends.
Stock dividends.
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.

20. Types of Dividends Cash Dividends
Board of directors vote on the declaration of cash dividends.
A declared cash dividend is a liability.
Companies do not declare or pay cash dividends on Treasury Stock.
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.

21. Types of Dividends Property Dividends
Dividends payable in assets other than cash.
Before distribution, the company must restate at fair value the property it will distribute, recognizing any gain or loss.
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.

22. Types of Dividends Liquidating Dividends
Dividends that reduce stockholders’ Additional Paid In Capital
If a company distributes a dividend in EXCESS of earnings, it will reduce Contributed Capital of stockholders [PIC account]
LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.

23. Types of Dividends Stock Dividends
Issuance of own stock to stockholders on a pro rata basis, without receiving any consideration.
Stock dividends are the redistribution of Equity between Retained Earnings and Contributed Capital
When a stock dividend is less than 25 percent of the common shares outstanding, a company transfers the fair market value of the stock from retained earnings (small stock dividend).
LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and large stock dividends, and for stock splits.

24. Types of Dividends Stock Dividends
A stock dividend of more than 25 percent of the number of shares previously outstanding is called a large stock dividend.
With a large stock dividend, transfer from retained earnings to capital stock the par value of the stock issued.
LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and large stock dividends, and for stock splits.

25. Types of Dividends Stock Splits
Reduces the market value of shares proportionally.
No entry recorded for a stock split.
Decreases par value and increases number of shares outstanding proportionally.
LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and large stock dividends, and for stock splits.

26. Terminology US GAAP vs IFRS
US GAAP IFRS
Common Stock Share Capital
Paid-In-Capital In Excess of Par/ Share Premium
Additional Paid In Capital
Preferred Stock Preference Shares
Retained Earnings/ Retained Earnings/ Retained Profits
Reinvested Earnings Accumulated Profit and Loss
Accumulated Other Comprehensive General Reserve & Other Reserve
Income Accounts