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Published byKelsey Barbara Modified over 9 years ago
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American Homefront
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Aiding in the War Effort Cash and Carry – Britain can pay cash and pick up supplies at American ports Lend Lease – allowed US to lend or lease arms to any country considered vital to defense of US – returned or pay rent for supplies Hemispheric Defense Zone – declared Western half of Atlantic was Western Hemisphere and thus neutral – US Navy would patrol and reveal location of German subs to Britain Atlantic Charter – Signed by US and Britain – committed both nations to a postwar world of democracy, non aggression, free trade, and freedom of the seas
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American Mobilization War production turned the tide in favor of the Allies Auto industry began producing military equipment Liberty ships – quickly built cargo ships that sacrificed quality for quantity – Ship could be built in 41 days Selective Service and Training Act – needed to build up troops so initiated a draft before we were actually at war
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Segregated Army Double V Campaign – Urged African Americans to support the war to achieve a double victory over racism abroad and racism at home Tuskegee Airmen – Pilots trained in Tuskegee, Al who helped with the Battle at Anzio – Also protected American bombers as they flew to targets Japanese Americans – ½ had been in internment camps – Became most decorated in history of US military These successes led Truman to fully integrate the military in 1948
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Women and Minorities Women were pilots and nurses during war Women went to work in factories – Rosie the Riveter Executive Order 8802 – Roosevelt outlawed discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industry Bracero Program – arranged for Mexican farm workers to help with the harvest in the Southwest – Migrant workers became important part of Southwest’s agricultural system
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Zoot Suit Riots Zoot suit – baggy, pleated pants and overstuffed knee- length jacket and wide brimmed hat – many juveniles wore them US soldiers and sailors attacked Mexican American neighborhoods in LA Police did not intervene Soldiers had heard a rumor that zoot-suitors had attacked sailors One example of the racial tension at home
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Paying for the War 1) Increased taxes 2) War Bonds – citizens by bond to lend money to war – they would get money back plus interest at a future date – E bonds – buy for $18.75 and after 10 years you could redeem for $25
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Rationing Meats, sugars, and gasoline were rationed Blue Points – ration book that controlled processed foods Red Points – ration book that controlled meats, fats, and oils Victory Gardens – plant own garden in backyard, school, park, etc.
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WWII Ends V E Day – May 8, 1945 V J Day – August 15, 1945 United Nations was created to prevent another war UN would consist of a General Assembly – each country would get a vote on how to handle issue – Responsible for peace and security – Investigate international problems and propose settlements – 5 Permanent members would have veto power – GB, US, France, China, USSR
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Nuremburg Trials International Military Tribunal created to hold trials for war crimes 22 leaders of Nazi German were prosecuted at Nuremburg Trials – 3 acquitted – 7 prison sentences – 12 sentenced to death Trials also held in Tokyo – 18 sentenced to prison – 7 sentenced to death Side note: Erwin Rommel was forced to commit suicide after he was named in a conspiracy to get rid of Hitler
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