1. Reconstruction Reading Guide Historians are still debating whether Reconstruction was a success or a failure. Consider the following aspects of Reconstruction…

2. The Reconstruction Plans Lincoln (10% Plan) Pardon all Confederates except high ranking officers Only 10% of a states population had to swear an oath of allegiance for the entire state to be admitted to the Union

3. The Reconstruction Plans Johnson (Presidential Reconstruction) States withdraw their secession and swear allegiance to the Union Annul Confederate debt Ratify the 13 th Amendment

4. The Reconstruction Plans The Radical Republicans (Congressional Reconstruction) A majority of the State’s population would have to swear an oath of allegiance States would have to ratify the 14 th amendment Most confederate leaders would not be allowed to hold political office Punished states who prevented portions of their citizens from voting

5. The Black Codes Sign one-year labor contracts Cannot travel without a permit Cannot be unemployed Cannot carry weapons Cannot serve on a jury Cannot testify against a white person Cannot marry a white person Cannot own land in some places

6. The “Civil War Ammendments” 13 th Amendment (1865) ◦ Outlawed slavery 14 th Amendment (1866) ◦ Granted citizenship 15 th Amendment (1869) ◦ Provided the right to vote

7. Scalawags and Carpetbaggers Scalawags A Southerner who helped with the process of Reconstruction Seen by many as a “race traitor” Carpetbaggers A Northerner who went south to “help” with the process of Reconstruction Exploit the people or gain political office

8. Challenges faced by former slaves Unable to read or write No place to live No possessions (clothes, shoes, tools, ect.) No way to feed or clothe family No skills other than farming Unable to reunite their families Living in a society that hated them

9. Sharecropping and Tenant Farming Sharecropping Did not pay to work the land Gave a large portion of crop to landowner Had to “buy” tools and seed Tenant Farming Rented the land for cash Keep all profits Could eventually buy a piece of land

10. Intimidation by the Ku Klux Klan Cross burning and public displays of hatred Violence: Beatings and Lynching Theft and destruction of property: Burning homes and crops Preventing African-Americans from voting

11. Economic pressures faced by African-Americans Had no skills Could not get hired Could not start businesses White boycotts Large debts

12. Northern support for Reconstruction fades Recession of 1873 Cost Soldiers stationed far from home Not working well Democrats gained more political power: “Redeem” the South Country wants to forget that horrible war

13. “Home Rule” and the Compromise of 1877 Democrats won the popular vote Republicans won the Electoral College They made a deal… A Republican (Rutherford B. Hayes) would be President, IF… The Federal Government would get out of the South What do you think happened?