2. TEXAS GOVERNMENT 2306 UNIT 4 POLITICAL PARTIES

3. Reasons Texas Was a One- Party Democratic State SLAVERY Republican Party’s early opposition to slavery CIVIL WAR Republican President Lincoln’s role in defeating Confederacy during Civil War RECONSTRUCTION Harsh policies pursued by Republicans during Reconstruction

4. CAUSES OF RISE OF REPUBLICAN PARTY IN TEXAS  Northerners moving to Texas  Growing liberalism of Democratic Party in 1960s and 1970s  Popularity of President Reagan- 1980s  Weakening memories of Civil War, Reconstruction

5. HOW DEMOCRATIC WAS TEXAS?  1928-1952—No Republicans elected to Texas Legislature  1874-1961—No Republican elected to statewide office  Most races on ballot were uncontested  1978 Democrats won 86% of races Republicans won 14% of races

6. 2000 Presidential Election - Bush vs. Gore

7. Levels of Party Competition- 1961-1984

8. Levels of Party Competition 1989-1994

9. Party Competition in the States- 2002

10. Party Competition in the States - 2006

11. Changing Party Affiliation in Texas 1964-1004

12. Party Affiliation in Texas - 1952-2002

13. Party Primary Voting Patterns in Texas – 1972-2004

14. Republican Officeholders in Texas

15. Republican Officeholders in Texas - 1975 vs. 2005

16. Republican Officeholders in Texas - 1973-2007

17. The Number of Republican and Democratic Officeholders—1973 vs 2007

18. RISE OF TEXAS REPUBLICAN PARTY 1  1961--Election of US Senator John Tower  1978—Election of Governor Bill Clements  1984—Election of US Senator Phil Gramm  1988--Republicans won 4 statewide races

19. RISE OF TEXAS REPUBLICAN PARTY 2  1993—Election of US Senator Kay B. Hutchison  1994—Election of Gov. George W. Bush  1998-Relection of Gov. Bush & Rep. Maj. In Texas Senate  2002-Republicans winning all statewide offices & control of both Texas House & Senate

20. RISE OF TEXAS REPUBLICAN PARTY 3 2003—Top 3 state officials: Governor, Lt. Governor, & Speaker-all Republican 2007—Top 3 state officials: Governor, Lt. Governor, & Speaker-all Republican (although Republicans lost 6 House seats & gained one Senate seat)

21. Party Ideology in Texas

22. Ideology- National Republicans & Texas Democrats

23. TEXAS REPUBLICANS ISSUE STANDS  Less government  Strong national defense  Pro-life on abortion  Limit govt. economic regulations  Anti-union  Less govt. in civil rights  End affirmative action  Traditional family values

24. TEXAS DEMOCRATS ISSUE STANDS  More activist government  Protect social programs & funding  Pro-choice on abortion  Govt. regs. necessary to protect workers, consumers, environment, & end business abuses  Active govt. role in civil rights  Support affirmative action  Maintain separation of church & state

25. The Texas Democratic & Republican Party Platforms- A Comparison

26. TEXAS REPUBLICANS  Conservatives & ultra-conservatives · Evangelical Protestants (“born-again” Christians) · Newcomers to Texas · Primarily Anglos · Younger voters · More educated · More men

27. TEXAS DEMOCRATS  Primarily middle class & poor  Workers--blue collar/unions  Catholics & Jews  Native Texans  Minorities & liberal Anglos  Older Voters  Less educated  More women

28. Party Identification by Social Group

29. TEXAS POLITICAL PARTIES REGIONAL SUPPORT TEXAS REPUBLICANS Panhandle, Permian Basin, Lubbock, Abilene, & suburban areas, esp. of Dallas-FW & Houston TEXAS DEMOCRATS Strongest in Hispanic South Texas, conservative East Texas, & inner city areas

30. Democratic & Republican Voting Counties-1996

31. Democratic & Republican Voting Counties-2002

32. Democratic & Republican Voting Counties-2006

33. EFFECTS OF TWO- PARTYISM IN TEXAS  VOTERS HAVE MORE CHOICES  INCREASED VOTER INTEREST AND TURNOUT  GOVERNMENT MORE RESPONSIVE TO PUBLIC  LESS GOVT. CORRUPTION  LESS POWERFUL INTEREST GROUPS

34. LIBERAL/ CONSERVATIVE COMPARISON  Role of Government  Taxes & Budget  Economic Regulation  Social Programs  Crime  Environment  Civil Rights  Moral Issues o Abortion o Gay Rights o Pornography o School Prayer Schools/Education

35. TEXAS POLITICAL FUNDS REPORTING & DISCLOSURE ACT  No $ raised until campaign treasurer appointed  Candidates & PACs—no cash contributions exceeding $100  No direct contributions from corporations & labor unions  File sworn statements listing contributions & expenditures with Secretary of State  Criminal & civil penalties  Enforcement: Texas Ethics Commission

36. CAMPAIGN TACTICS  Building an image  Use of media & importance of TV  Choosing Issues  Timing—Peaking  Raising money o PACs o Wealthy contributors o Personal wealth o Small contributions o Political Party