2. George Lawson IR100 - The structure of international society: democratic peace theory (week 5) Lecture slides Original citation: Lawson, G. (2012) IR100 - The structure of international society: democratic peace theory (week 5). [Teaching Resource] © 2012 The Author This version available at: http://learningresources.lse.ac.uk/125/http://learningresources.lse.ac.uk/125/ Available in LSE Learning Resources Online: May 2012 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License. This license allows the user to remix, tweak, and build upon the work even for commercial purposes, as long as the user credits the author and licenses their new creations under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ http://learningresources.lse.ac.uk/

3. IR100 Lecture 5 2011-12 George Lawson

4. IR’s GPS? Image Placeholder Image: Globe surrounded by orbiting satellites. Subscription resource: No URL: http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2222/2525255892_d9628e08 e4_o.jpg Edited: No This image was removed due to copyright being held by another party.

5. Democratic peace theory is SERIOUS Important to lots of big events, e.g. Iraq, Libya, Arab Spring Speaks to broader orientations as students of IR Links theory and practice

6. Immanuel Kant

7. Articles for a Perpetual Peace Republican constitutions best link individual autonomy with political community Republican states will form a ‘pacific union’ which settles disputes by law, not war Universal cosmopolitan existence will spread around the world

8. So, in democratic states: War is irrational War is wrong Pacific union rules ok Image Placeholder Image: Hands holding a globe with the European Union symbol Subscription resource: No URL: http://www.guide2nigeria.com/uploads/news/medium/ 300610125611-- HANDS%20HOLDING%20EU%20GLOBE.jpg Edited: No This image was removed due to copyright being held by another party.

9. Modern DPT ‘Democratic states do not go to war with each other’ ‘As close to an empirical law as we have in IR today’

10. Definitional issues What is a democracy? Universal suffrage Political and civil rights Can democracies have monarchs? Or empires? What is a war? 1,000 battle dead But: new wars, virtual wars, war on drugs, covert ops, near misses etc

11. Evidence Monadic claim: democratic states are more peaceful than non-democratic states (little evidence) Dyadic claim: democracies are peaceful with respect to one another (some evidence) Triadic claim: democracy + free trade + IOs/international law = perpetual peace (good luck)

12. Causation Domestic constraints, shared values, trade, interdependence, and more = democratic zone of peace But … can we prove it? Wrong end of the telescope Why aren’t democracies generally peace loving? What about capitalism? Therefore … DPT is a normative claim allied to a correlation of which there is some evidence. But how significant is this finding?

13. Democratization is dangerous http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Muammar_al- Gaddafi_at_the_AU_summit.jpg Image Placeholder Image: Soldier shooting flaming weapon in desert. Subscription resource: No Edited: No This image was removed due to copyright being held by another party.

14. Lets vote … The formation of modern international society The structure of contemporary international society Balance of power vs. democratic peace theory

15. Modern international society was primarily formed by: 1. The Treaty of Westphalia (i.e. 1648 and all that) 2. Global modernity (i.e. the 19 th century and all that) 3. Neither 4. Both 5. What a silly question: international society is an unchanging realm of recurrence and repetition

16. The structure of contemporary international society is best seen as: 1. A core-periphery order with the West at the centre 2. An anarchical system in which sovereign states prioritize their security 3. An anarchical society in which institutions provide stability and order 4. Decentred globalism 5. Something else...

17. Which theory delivers the jammiest jam in the IR doughnut: 1. Balance of power theory 2. Democratic peace theory 3. Neither – IR is a polo mint 4. Sorry, I’m too busy stuffing my face with this delicious doughnut – what was the question again?

18. Ok – that’s all folks Remember that the task is not perfection, but ‘clear fuzziness’ And remember to keep in touch: g.lawson@lse.ac.ukg.lawson@lse.ac.uk