1. Acid Base Reactions Nick Guerrero Nick Delinski Jake Seiler Ken Nakai

2. Introduction The purpose of the following experiments was to collect a wide variety of data using specialized computer-based probes. We also evaluated the software, Logger Pro, and the hardware, LabPro.

3. The Probes The Dissolved Oxygen Probe

4. The Probes The Dissolved Oxygen Probe Used to measure the oxygen dissolved in a liquid

5. The Probes The pH Probe

6. The Probes The pH Probe Used to measure the pH of a given solution.

7. The Probes The Temperature Probe

8. The Probes The Temperature Probe Used to measure the temperature of a solution.

9. The Probes The Conductivity Probe

10. The Probes The Conductivity Probe Used to measure the ability of a solution to conduct electricity between two electrodes.

11. The Experiment Using two iBook computers connected to two LabPro hubs, we conducted the four experiments simultaneously. Each computer recorded data in real-time from two of the probes.

12. The Experiment We performed the following experiments: Adding baking soda to Coca-Cola Adding baking soda to vinegar Adding aqueous ammonia to lemon juice

13. The Hypothesis - Reaction A Adding baking soda to Coca-Cola: pH will increase as the acid from the cola is neutralized. Temperature will increase as the reaction proceeds. Dissolved oxygen will decrease as gas is released from the solution. The solution will begin to conduct more as we add ions to the solution.

14. The Hypothesis - Reaction B Adding baking soda to vinegar: pH will increase as the vinegar is neutralized. Temperature will increase. Dissolved oxygen will decrease. The solution will begin to conduct more as we add ions to the solution.

15. The Hypothesis - Reaction C Adding aqueous ammonia to lemon juice: pH will increase as the vinegar is neutralized. Temperature will increase. Dissolved oxygen will decrease. The solution will begin to conduct more as we add ions to the solution.

16. The Results The following data was collected for Reaction A, the baking soda and Coca-cola.

17. The Results The following data was collected.

18. The Results The following data was collected.

19. The Results The following data was collected for Reaction B, the vinegar and baking soda.

20. The Results The following data was collected for Reaction B, the vinegar and baking soda.

21. The Results

22. The following results were obtained during Reaction C, the ammonia and lemon juice.

23. The Results The following results were obtained during Reaction C, the ammonia and lemon juice.

24. The Results

25. The Conclusions - Reaction A It was apparent during the baking soda and Coca-cola reaction that the temperature decreased, dissolved oxygen decreased, conductivity increased, and pH increased. This was a surprise to us, since we were not aware that the reaction was endothermic.

26. The Conclusions - Reaction B During the vinegar/baking soda reaction, the temperature decreased, dissolved oxygen decreased, conductivity increased, and pH increased. Again, it was surprising that the reaction lowered the temperature of the solution.

27. The Conclusions - Reaction C The ammonia/lemon juice reaction yielded even more surprises; the temperature increased, dissolved oxygen increased, conductivity decreased, and pH increased. The first three probes gave data contrary to our previous two experiments.

28. The Conclusions - Reaction C We may have not noticed the temperature changes using non-computer based thermometers. Technology also allowed us to test all four areas at the same time (and in real-time), allowing us to draw guaranteed, factual results. Money issues!!!!

29. The End Authors: Ken Nakai Nick Guerrero Nick Delinski Jake Seiler