1. 26-1: Halocarbons, Alcohols and Ethers

2. Hydrocarbon Derivatives
Molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms (like hydrocarbons), but contain additional atoms or groups of atoms
Functional group: an atom or group of atoms that has a characteristic behavior and is substituted into a hydrocarbon

3. Halocarbons Functional group: halogen (-X)
General formula: R-X (R is a hydrocarbon derivative)
Properties:
Nonpolar
Low b.p.
Insoluble in water; soluble in hydrocarbons
Examples: CFC’s, DDT, carbontetrachloride

4. Naming Halocarbons Name hydrocarbon first.
Add a prefix to signify number and name of halogen. Always give halogen the smallest number possible.

5. Alcohols Functional group: hydroxyl (-OH) General formula: R-OH
Properties:
Small alcohols are polar, sol. in water
As size increases, polarity and solubility decreases
Higher boiling points, due to hydrogen bonding
2 OH groups: diol
3 OH groups: triol

6. Naming Alcohols Count longest chain that contains the –OH.
Add –ol to root name of hydrocarbon name.
Give a number for the placement of the –OH.
Name any branches as an alkyl group (methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc.) with a number and put in front.

7. Ethers Functional group: ether (-O-) General formula: R-O-R
Properties:
Small ones are polar, soluble in water.
Boiling points are lower than alcohols, higher than hydrocarbons.
Uses: solvents; once used as an anesthetic

8. Naming Ethers Two method: IUPAC
Look at hydrocarbon on either side of the “-O-”. Small one gets –oxy added to the root word.
Second (longer) one is named as a hydrocarbon.

9. Naming Ethers Common Name each hydrocarbon as an alkyl group.
Write “ether” at the end.