1. LOW-VOLTAGE LIGHTING

2. http://www.fxl.com/product/power- and-control/luxorhttp://www.fxl.com/product/power- and-control/luxor

3. Lighting VOLT: the force that moves electricity –Like water pressure 240 volts for heavy equipment

4. Lighting 120 volts for house voltage

5. Lighting 12 volts is low voltage and safe

6. Lighting CURRENT or AMPERAGE: the flow of electricity –Like water flow

7. Lighting Ohms: measure of resistance –Like friction loss in irrigation Resistance reduces voltage

8. CIRCUIT PANEL Each circuit 120 VoltsEach circuit 120 Volts Overload, current exceeds capacity and overheatsOverload, current exceeds capacity and overheats Circuit breaker prevents overloadCircuit breaker prevents overload

9. CIRCUIT PANEL Circuit fuse prevents overload

10. LIGHTING BULBS Incandescent Voltage through coiled filament Converts to 90% heat and 10% Filament evaporates tungsten (darkens bulb)

11. LIGHTING BULBS Halogen Voltage through coiled filament Halogen gas in the bulb binds the tungsten to prevent darkening

12. LIGHTING BULBS Halogen <10.5 V does not heat up enough –Color shift

13. LIGHTING BULBS Fluorescent (CFL) Electricity travels through argon gas Require ballast to supply start-up current Contain mercury

14. LIGHTING BULBS Solar Lights Utilize LED light Bluish light

15. LIGHTING BULBS LED (Light emitting diode) No filament Doesn’t heat up significantly –Efficient Directional

16. LIGHTING BULBS Incandescent 1,200 60 watts $325/annually CFL 8,000 12 to 15 watts $76/annually LED 50,000 hours 6 to 8 watts $32/annually LEDIncandescentCFL

17. LIGHT FIXTURE

26. TRANSFORMERS Converts 120 V to 12 V 12 V taps (or higher) Multiple taps

27. TRANSFORMERS

29. Wattage capacity –300W, 600W, 900W, or 1200W Timer and photocell

30. TRANSFORMERS

34. Wattage Requirements Add the wattage of all fixture connected 60% to 80% of transformer capacity

35. Cable WIRE SIZE, or AWG (American Wire Gauge) The lower the number, the thicker the wire

36. Cable Single circuit cable 12/2

48. CABLE Splicing cable Quick connectionQuick connection

50. Splicing cable Wire nuts (DBY)Wire nuts (DBY)

51. Cable If wire is too small Higher amps Increased resistance Increased heat Fewer volts

52. Reduce Voltage Drop Shorten cable Increase cable size

53. Reduce Voltage Drop Center transformer Reduce number of lights Reduce bulb wattage

54. Voltage Drop Cable length X Total watts X 2 = Voltage Drop Cable constant

55. BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Path lighting

56. BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Path lighting

57. BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Up lightingUp lighting

58. BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Up lightingUp lighting

59. BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Up lightingUp lighting

60. BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Down lighting (Moonlighting)Down lighting (Moonlighting)

61. BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Down lighting (Moonlighting)Down lighting (Moonlighting)

62. BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Down lighting (Moonlighting)Down lighting (Moonlighting)

63. BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Silhouette lighting

64. BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Grazing

65. BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Grazing

66. BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING Spot lightingSpot lighting

67. BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING ShadowingShadowing

68. BASIC TYPES OF LANDSCAPE LIGHTING ShadowingShadowing

69. MR-16

70. PAR

99. Cost of Lighting Cost estimator http://www.citytrf.net/costs_calculat or.htmhttp://www.citytrf.net/costs_calculat or.htm Kilowatt-hour (kWh) –1000 watts used for an hour

100. Cost of Lighting SCE&G –$0.115 kWh Pond pump (340 watts) 0.33 kWh in an hour 0.33 x 0.115 = $0.038 per hour 24 hours x 0.038 = $0.91 per day 30 days x 0.91 = $27.32

101. Cost of Lighting Small pond pump 0.01 kWh in 2 hours 0.005 kWh per hour 0.005 x $0.115 = $0.00058 per hour X 24 hours = 0.014

102. Landscape lights, 130W 0.13 kWh per hour X $0.115 = $0.015 X 4 hours a night = $0.06 X 30 days = $1.80 a month

103. Christmas lights, 100 bulbs –(1 strand) 0.035 kHw per hour X 0.115 = $0.004 X 10 strands = $0.04 X 6 hours = $0.24 a night X 30 days = $7.20 a month

104. 12v, 10w halogen: 200 lumens 12v, 1w LED: 50 lumens

105. Refrigerator, 1.37 kWh per 16.5 hours 0.083 kWh per hour $.0095 per hour $0.23 per day $6.87 per month

106. Computer station at home 1.81 kWh / 15 hours