1. Chapter 14: Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Water 1. Hydrogen properties
reactions
production and uses
hydrides
2. Oxygen
production and uses of oxygen
oxides, peroxides
anhydrides
3. Water: hydrates
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2. review topics:
CHAPTER 4
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3. properties of hydrogen
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4. acts like a halogen when reacting with a metal:
reactions of hydrogen
acts like a halogen when reacting with a metal:
acts like an alkali metal when reacting with a halogen:
forms covalent bonds with many nonmetals and semi-metals (C, H, Si, N, P, B)
production of hydrogen
very pure : electrolysis of water
2H2O(l)2H2(g)+O2(g)
in the lab: Zn(s)+2HCl(aq)ZnCl2(aq)+H2(g)
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5. production of hydrogen commercially: reduce water with Fe, C, or CH4
the steam-hydrocarbon reforming process
H2O(g)+CH4(g)CO(g)+3H2(g) H=+206 kJ
CO(g)+H2O(g)CO2(g)+H2(g) H-41 kJ
uses of hydrogen
D2O: coolant for nuclear reactors
O2&H2: space shuttle fuel
N2&H2: fertilizer (95% of all hydrogen)
CO&H2: methanol, CH3OH
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6. binary hydrides: compounds that contain hydrogen and one other element
ionic hydrides: compounds of H and the alkali and alkaline earth metals
covalent hydrides: compounds of H with nonmetals and semimetals like B, C, O, N, F, Cl, Br, I, P, As, S
metallic (interstitial) hydrides: MHx; sometimes nonstoichiometric
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7. binary hydrides covalent hydrides metallic hydrides ionic hydrides
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8. metallic (interstitial hydrides): MHx; sometimes nonstoichiometric
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