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Quantum Wave Model
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Electron Configuration 4 subshells S, P, D, F
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S Subshell Spherical in Shape – enables the electrons to surround the nucleus of the atom Lowest energy level 1 orbital (each orbital holds 2 e-) Holds 2 e-
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P Subshell Dumbbell shaped and can be oriented in space in one of three ways. 3 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-) Holds up to 6e-
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D Subshell Dumbbell shaped 5 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-) Holds 10 e-
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F Subshell Dumbbell shaped Greatest energy 7 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-) Holds 14 e-
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Orbital Diagrams Orbital Diagrams: Electrons enter the electron configuration (orbital diagram) pattern beginning at the lowest energy and filling the pattern to the highest energy.
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Hund’s Rule Hund’s Rule: Electrons enter the each orbital individually until all orbitals are half filled before pairing with other electrons in the subshell. In other words – one electron per orbital until all orbitals are filled, then 2 nd electron can be placed in each orbital.
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Pauli Exclusion Principle Pauli Exclusion Principle: an orbital can contain no more than two electrons and those two electrons must be paired, In other words, electrons must have opposite spin (usually indicated by one up-arrow and one down-arrow). Since there are two spins, the maximum number of electrons in an orbital is 2
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Aufbau Principle of Build Up Principle Electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first In other words, electrons will enter the subshell 4s 2 before subshell 3d 10.
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Feeling Overwhelmed? "Teacher, may I be excused? My brain is full."
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Modern Atomic Structure – Brightstorm Link Modern Atomic Structure
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Let’s Try it. Use Mrs. Edie’s chart
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__ 1s __ / __ __ __ 2s 2p __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 3s 3p 3d __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 4s 4p 4d 4f __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 5s 5p 5d 5f __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 6s 6p 6d 6f
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Let’s take a short quiz Let’s review together
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How many energy levels are there? 7
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The ___ represents? The orbital
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What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in one orbital 2
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How many subshells are in the second energy level? 2 2s and 2p __ 1s __ / __ __ __ 2s 2p How many electrons can occupy in the second energy level? 8
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How many orbitals are in the f subshell? 7 __ 1s __ / __ __ __ 2s 2p __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 3s 3p 3d __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 4s 4p 4d 4f
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How many electrons will the third energy level hold? 18 __ 1s __ / __ __ __ 2s 2p __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ (each orbital will hold 2 electrons) 3s 3p 3d
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What four letters represent the subshells? S P D F
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1s 2, 2s 2, 2p 6,3s 2 3p 6 This is called the _________Configuration Electron What element does this electron configuration represent? Argon
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The number 2 in 2p 6 represents the Energy level
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The number 6 in 2p 6 represents the number of Valence Electrons
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What is the maximum number of electrons the 4d subshell can hold? 10 __ 1s __ / __ __ __ 2s 2p __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 3s 3p 3d __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 4s 4p 4d 4f
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What is an easy way to determine the number of valence electrons? Look at the periodic table and determine the family the element is in. Family I – 1 valence electron Family II – 2 valence electrons Family III – 3 valence electrons Family IV – 4 valence electrons Family V – 5 valence electrons Family VI – 6 valence electrons Family VII – 7 valence electrons Family VIII – 8 valence electrons
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Electron Configuration Polka Song by Michael Offut
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There’s a little game that’s as easy as can be, With numbers and letters and lots of chemistry
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It comes from quantum theory and wave mechanics stuff, But for now just learn the game and that will be enough.
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1-s one, 2-s two, then comes 2-p six, 1-S ONE 2-p six 2-s two
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The electron configuration game is really slick,
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From alkali to halogen and on to noble gas,
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Now you can understand the periodic law at last.
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Atoms have orbitals where electrons like to play, And those electrons fill the orbitals in a special way.
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It’s a “building up” process—you can learn it in a second, And you can call it Aufbau if Deutsch is what you sprechen.
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1-s one, 2-s two, then comes 2-p six, 1-S ONE 2-p six 2-s two
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The electron configuration game is really slick,
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From alkali to halogen and on to noble gas,
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Now you can understand the periodic law at last.
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The outermost electrons in atoms have to be, The most important ones for understanding chemistry.
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These valence electrons are shared, or lost, or gained, In chemical reactions when atoms rearrange
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1-s one, 2-s two, then comes 2-p six, 1-S ONE 2-p six 2-s two
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The electron configuration game is really slick,
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From alkali to halogen and on to noble gas,
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Now you can understand the periodic law at last.
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But the joy is that now... at this point in history, We can finally solve the periodic table mystery. !
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Why do elements form families, what is the explanation? Their valence electrons have the same configuration
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1-s one, 2-s two, then comes 2-p six, 1-S ONE 2-p six 2-s two
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The electron configuration game is really slick,
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From alkali to halogen and on to noble gas,
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Now you can understand the periodic law at last.
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