1. PPG Inception Meeting – Colombo, Sri Lanka 5-10 August 2013 Carlo Lupi – UNIDO consultant carlolupi@wasteandchemicals.eu

2. PPG Inception Meeting – Colombo, Sri Lanka 5-10 August 2013

3. ….sorry – any question?

4. PPG Inception Meeting – Colombo, Sri Lanka 5-10 August 2013

5. Thermal technologies Incineration Co-Incineration (Cement kiln) Plasma Chemical technologies Sodium based dechlorination Hydro- dehalogenation Post - Treatment Solvent WashingRetrofilling Thermal desorption Vacuum washing Pre- treatment DrainingShredding Vacuum extraction

6. PPG Inception Meeting – Colombo, Sri Lanka 5-10 August 2013 Oil Thermal technologies Transformers Thermal technologies Cleanup of carcasses Post - treatment Capacitors Pre treatment Thermal technologies Post-treatment or thermal technologies Other waste (paper, wood, soil) Thermal destruction Thermal desorption followed by thermal destruction

7. PPG Inception Meeting – Colombo, Sri Lanka 5-10 August 2013 Oil Chemical dehalogenation Oil reprocessing New transformers Pretreatment (draining, flushing) Chemical dehalogenation (of the oil) Retrofilling Old transformers Pretreatment (draining, dismantling) Chemical dehalogenation Post treatment Recovery of scrap metal Capacitor (very rare) Draining or shredding Chemical dehalogenation or incineration Thermal treatment of the waste

8. PPG Inception Meeting – Colombo, Sri Lanka 5-10 August 2013 Stockholm Convention: <50 ppm National regulations: <2ppm to <50 ppm Regulatory level for equipment and dieletric oil Burning oil: (40 CFR 761.20) <2ppm (if greater only incineration is allowed) Unused oil: not detectable (IEC 60296 / IEC 61619) Other uses by sector Cleanup level for soils (from 0.1 ppm to 15 ppm) Environmental standards Low POPs content: <50 ppm (cann be landfilled) High POPs content: >50 ppm (cannot be landfilled) POPs waste

9. PPG Inception Meeting – Colombo, Sri Lanka 5-10 August 2013 “destroyed or irreversibly transformed” otherwise disposed of in an environmentally sound manner (low POPs content) In compliance with all other national and international rules Article 6.1(d)(ii) of the Stockholm Convention on POPs requires that Stockpiles of POPs and waste contaminated by POPs must be

10. PPG Inception Meeting – Colombo, Sri Lanka 5-10 August 2013 Designed to prevent or to reduce releases of chemicals listed in Part I of Annex C (PCDD/F, HCP and PCB and their impact on the environment as a whole.) Destruction of PCBs must not result in the release of Dioxins!!

11. PPG Inception Meeting – Colombo, Sri Lanka 5-10 August 2013 ((Input mass – Sum of ALL outputs)/Input mass)*100 >99,99% DE ((Input mass – mass released in the atmosphere) / input mass)*100 >99.9999% DRE

12. PPG Inception Meeting – Colombo, Sri Lanka 5-10 August 2013 Trial burn with PCB contaminated soil (PCB 1-2%) Trial burn with PCB oil (PCB 20%) Trial burn with PCB soil and capacitors (PCB 10%) DE / TEq test trial burn with PCB soil and capacitors (PCB 10%)

13. PPG Inception Meeting – Colombo, Sri Lanka 5-10 August 2013 Pre-treatment (including meshing, shredding, feeding) may be an important source of release. It may also represent a risk for workers (exposure to chemicals and other accidents) Pre-treatment equipment and operations must be properly designed to avoid human exposute and prevent release of toxic wate

14. PPG Inception Meeting – Colombo, Sri Lanka 5-10 August 2013 No matter how good is the downstream disposal technology… If the pre-treatment is poorly managed, it will result in the release of POPs (low DE)

15. PPG Inception Meeting – Colombo, Sri Lanka 5-10 August 2013 A technology that achieves the highest possible level of occupational safety and has a history of safe operation. Demonstrably safe Closed system of the technology as a whole (pre- treatment + destruction process) Inherently safe

16. PPG Inception Meeting – Colombo, Sri Lanka 5-10 August 2013 EIA, IPPC (BAT compliance)Building permits and land use Licensing (waste handling, transportation) Monitoring of releases in atmosphere and water Environmental monitoring

17. PPG Inception Meeting – Colombo, Sri Lanka 5-10 August 2013

18. SupplierTechnology ATechnology B Arochlor type12421254 Amount PCB (tons)11 Moles PCB38833063 Moles Cl1164915318 Moles Na1164915318 Cl (tons)0.410.54 Na (tons)0.270.35 Na consumption declared 0.410.93 Reaction efficency65.0937.90 Nacl produced0.680.90 BiPhenils produced0.600.47 Waste (sludge)1.281.37

19. PPG Inception Meeting – Colombo, Sri Lanka 5-10 August 2013

32.  Trial burn test 1 (PCB contaminated soil, PCB 1-2%) – PCDD/F 0.104 ngTEq/Nm3  Trial burn test 2 (PCB oil, PCB 20%) – PCDD/F 0.042 ngTEq/Nm3  Trial burn test 3 (PCB soil+capacitors, PCB 10%) – PCDD/F 0.080 ngTEq/Nm3 Minimize release of POPs from the whole process !! Site cleanupTransportation and Storage Final Disposal

33. PPG Inception Meeting – Colombo, Sri Lanka 5-10 August 2013

37. Decontamination trends with retrofilling, starting from different concentrations. For pure PCBs, at least 6 cycles are required to bring PCBs contamination below 50 ppm

38. PPG Inception Meeting – Colombo, Sri Lanka 5-10 August 2013

44. ….Questions ?