3. A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, with a definite chemical composition, and an ordered atomic arrangement.  Minerals are naturally occurring They are not made by humans  Minerals are inorganic They have never been alive and are not made up from plants or animals  Minerals are solids They are not liquids (like water), or gases (like the air around you)

4. A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic solid, with a definite chemical composition, and an ordered atomic arrangement.  Minerals have a definite chemical composition Each one is made of a particular mix of chemical elements  Minerals have an ordered atomic arrangement The chemical elements that make up each mineral are arranged in a particular way - this is why minerals 'grow' as crystals

5. The major mineral groups: Silicates and Non-Silicates Silicates = minerals that contain Silicon (Si) and Oxygen (O) An example Quartz

6. Non-Silicate groups: Carbonates, Oxides, Sulfates, Sulfides, Halides, and Native Elements

7. Mineral Formation – 3 ways Cooling of hot melting material (magma) Evaporation – from minerals dissolved in solution (Halite) Precipitation – from minerals dissolved in solution

8. Carbonates = Minerals that contain the elements carbon (C), Oxygen (O), and one or more other metallic elements. An example Calcite Chemistry: CaCO 3, Calcium Carbonate Class: CarbonatesCarbonates Group: CalciteCalcite Uses: In cements and mortars, production of lime, limestone is used in the steel industry; glass industry, ornamental stone, chemical and optical uses and as mineral specimens.

9. Oxides = Minerals that contain Oxygen (O) and one or more elements, which are usually metals. An example Rutile Chemistry: TiO 2, Titanium Oxide Class: Oxides and HydroxidesOxides and Hydroxides Group: RutileRutile Uses: Ore of titanium, pigment and as an ornamental stone when in clear quartz

10. Sulfates = Minerals that contain the elements, Sulfur (S), and Oxygen (O); SO 4. An example Barite Chemistry: BaSO 4, Barium Sulfate Class: SulfatesSulfates Group: BariteBarite Uses: ore of barium

11. Sulfides = Minerals that contain the elements Sulfur (S), some other elements. An example Pyrite Chemistry: FeS 2, Iron Sulfide Class: SulfidesSulfides Group: PyritePyrite Uses: A very minor ore of sulfur for sulfuric acid, used in jewelry under the trade

12. Halides = Minerals that contain a halogen ion plus one or more other elements. An example Halite Chemistry: NaCl, Sodium Chloride Class: HalidesHalides Uses: Major source of salt and as mineral specimens.

13. Native Elements = Minerals that are uncombined with other elements. An example Silver Chemistry: Ag, Elemental silver Class: ElementsElements Group: GoldGold Uses: Minor ore of silver for use in jewelry, coins and photographic films and other industrial uses.jewelry