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Rhizobium Activity Manhasset Science Research. Need Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (Brunt, 1996) Asia leads in soybean production and intake (Westcott, 2008)

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Presentation on theme: "Rhizobium Activity Manhasset Science Research. Need Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (Brunt, 1996) Asia leads in soybean production and intake (Westcott, 2008)"— Presentation transcript:

1 Rhizobium Activity Manhasset Science Research

2 Need Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (Brunt, 1996) Asia leads in soybean production and intake (Westcott, 2008) Unaffected Pea Leaf Bean Mosaic Pea Leaf

3 Knowledge Base (Deacon, 2009) Nodule formation on stem causes growth stimulation (Burdass, 2002) Aphids (Homoptera) transmit BYMV (Day, 1996) (Clark, 1998)

4 (Townsend, 2009) Honeydew is a large amount of sugary liquid waste, adding up of plants and infecting them (Townsend, 2009) Knowledge Base

5 Poole, 2006 Rhizobium is the most important bacterial group in nitrogen fixation (Burdass, 2002)

6 Knowledge Base (Hogan, 2008) Excess nitrogen can boost plant growth by 20% in Southeast Asian forests like this (Hogan, 2008)

7 Knowledge Base González, 2006 Nodule formation processes (Burdass, 2002)

8 Knowledge Base (Dhabi, 2008) (Poole, 2006) Soybeans have a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia (De Moraes, 2009)

9 Literature Review “Induced Plant Signaling And Its Implications For Environmental Sensing”. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Consuelo De Moraes. Inoculant rhizobium produces nitrogen fixation and exterminates aphids (De Moraes, 2004) (Gepts,2009)

10 Literature Review “'Natural' Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria Protect Soybeans From Aphids”. Penn State University. Jennifer Dean. (Dean, 2009) Dean suggests inoculant companies’ rhizobium provids less nitrogen fixation, and greater pest extermination.

11 Literature Review “Bacteria.” Botany An Introduction to Plant Biology. Elliot T. Wier, Ralph C. Stocking, Michael C. Barbour. (Brown, 1996) (Poole, 2006) Rhizobium is one of few bacteria that doesn’t harm the host plant (Wier, 1974)

12 Literature Review “Rhizobium- legume Symbiosis.” Department of Molecular & Cell Biology. Juan E. González. Exopolysaccharides (microorganisms) may play a role in nitrogen fixaton

13 Literature Review “Characterisation of Hardenbergia Mosaic Virus and Development of Microarrays for Detecting Viruses in Plants.” Murdoch University. Craig Graham Webster. Potyvirus can cause malformation of legumes such as these cucumbers

14 Purpose/Hypothesis The purpose of an experiment testing the effects of rhizobium on nodulation processes and aphid extermination is to find which specific type or strand of rhizobium, natural or inoculants, will better form nodules, and decrease aphid activity. H(a) suggests that inoculant rhizobium will better form nodules and exterminate aphids

15 Methods Rhizobium Strain Effects On Nitrogen Fixation and Aphid Extermination Natural rhizobium strains N=10 Oil based inoculant rhizobium strains N=10 5-7 days incubation, sub culturing TY plates, growth in media and nodulation Aphids exposed to nodules Nodules formed in effect of inoculant/ natural strains Percentage of aphids exterminated by inoculant/ natural strains ANOVA, Scheffe post-hoc test: inoculants with natural rhizobium (p<.05)

16 Methods Protocols -Isozation processes -Nodulation testing Taranto, 2003Hollowell, 2009

17 Do-Ability -Incubators and microscopes will not have to be purchased -Rhizobium Inoculum, soybean seeds, prepared media plates, and Homopteran aphid bugs are easily purchasable from online catalogs

18 VendorCatalog #Page/WebsiteQuantityDescriptionPriceTotal Carolina Science CatalogNP-15-4720421Rhizobium Inoculum$13.00 $13.00 Carolina Science CatalogNP-70-12963231Lab Incubator$365.00 $365.00 Online Carolina Science Catalog1782001Soybean Seeds$9.00 $9.00 Carolina Science CatalogNP-59-09506161Educational Microscope $225.00 $225.00 Online Carolina Science Catalog8216621Prepared media plates$14.50 $14.50 WebWab Online2441151Homopteran aphid bugs$5.99 $5.99 Budget

19 Citations Beringer, J.E.”R Factor Transfer in Rhizobium Leguminosarum.” Journal of General Microbiology. Vol 84. 1980. Pps 188-198. Brown, Kathryn. “Vaccine Cuisine.” Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol 104. 1996. Pps 3. Burdass, Dariel. “Rhizobium, Root Nodules & Nitrogen Fixation.” society for general Microbiology. 2002. Microbiology Online. 2002 http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/forms/rhizobium.pdf Byrd, John D. “General Information and Agronomic Aspects.” infonet-BIOVISION. 2009. BioVision framework. 5 May 2009 http://www.infonet- biovision.org/default/ct/137/crops Day, Eric. “Aphid.” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 2009. Encyclopedia Britannica. 7 May 2009 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/669046/aphid Dean, Jennifer. “'Natural' Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria Protect Soybeans From Aphids.” PHYSORG.com. 2009. Penn State University. 14 Apr 2009 www.physorg.com/news158926862.html De Moraes, Consuelo. “INDUCED PLANT SIGNALING AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SENSING.” Taylor & Francis healthsciences. 2004. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. http://www.cas.psu.edu/docs/casdept/entomol/Personnel/Faculty/pdfs/demorae s/ToxiDeMoraes.pdf http://www.cas.psu.edu/docs/casdept/entomol/Personnel/Faculty/pdfs/demorae s/ToxiDeMoraes.pdf

20 Citations Dhabi, Adu. “Soybeans.” Glynnise.com 2009. PinoyVegetarian. May 2009. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://katynally.files.wordpress.com/200 9/03/soybean.jpg&imgrefurl=http://katynally.wordpress.com/2009/03/&usg=__zh VqFFGmmMWJ9YI6p9SC7bbfmAs=&h=395&w=300&sz=75&hl=en&start=1&tbnid= 6Lr3bGxwCSB7hM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=94&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsoybean%26gbv %3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGGlynnise.com http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://katynally.files.wordpress.com/200 9/03/soybean.jpg&imgrefurl=http://katynally.wordpress.com/2009/03/&usg=__zh VqFFGmmMWJ9YI6p9SC7bbfmAs=&h=395&w=300&sz=75&hl=en&start=1&tbnid= 6Lr3bGxwCSB7hM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=94&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsoybean%26gbv %3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Gepts, Paul. “Contemporary Methods in the Study of Crop Evolution.” PLB143- Lecture 06. 2009. Archaeology. September, 2009. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://agronomy.ucdavis.edu/gepts/pb1 43/lec06/nod1.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.plantsciences.ucdavis.edu/gepts/pb143/ lec06/pb143l06.htm&usg=__X2E6CQqkGpEjA5Z23Zk6lkkhn0M=&h=479&w=389&s z=84&hl=en&start=17&um=1&tbnid=nLNjRQMrwRo8xM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=105& prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnitrogen%2Bfixation%2Bsoybeans%26hl%3Den%26um%3D 1 http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://agronomy.ucdavis.edu/gepts/pb1 43/lec06/nod1.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.plantsciences.ucdavis.edu/gepts/pb143/ lec06/pb143l06.htm&usg=__X2E6CQqkGpEjA5Z23Zk6lkkhn0M=&h=479&w=389&s z=84&hl=en&start=17&um=1&tbnid=nLNjRQMrwRo8xM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=105& prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnitrogen%2Bfixation%2Bsoybeans%26hl%3Den%26um%3D 1 González, Juan E. “Faculty and Research.” Department of Molecular & Cell Biology. 2006. Research Interests. 6 Feb 2006 http://www.utdallas.edu/biology/faculty/research/gonzalez.html http://www.utdallas.edu/biology/faculty/research/gonzalez.html Hogan, Michele. “Nitrogen Pollution Boosts Plant Growth In Tropics By 20 Percent.” Science News. 2008. Science Daily. 12 Feb 2008 http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080206111244.htm Kimball, John W. “Nitrogen Fixation.” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 2009. Encyclopedia Britannica. 7 May 2009 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/416291/nitrogen-fixation Townsend, Lee. “Aphids.” University of Kentucky Entomology. 2009. College of Agriculture. 6 March 2009 http://www.ca.uky.edu/entomology/entfacts/ef103.asp

21 Citations González, Juan E. “Faculty and Research.” Department of Molecular & Cell Biology. 2006. Research Interests. 6 Feb 2006 http://www.utdallas.edu/biology/faculty/research/gonzalez.html http://www.utdallas.edu/biology/faculty/research/gonzalez.html Hogan, Michele. “Nitrogen Pollution Boosts Plant Growth In Tropics By 20 Percent.” Science News. 2008. Science Daily. 12 Feb 2008 http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080206111244.htm Kimball, John W. “Nitrogen Fixation.” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 2009. Encyclopedia Britannica. 7 May 2009 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/416291/nitrogen-fixation Townsend, Lee. “Aphids.” University of Kentucky Entomology. 2009. College of Agriculture. 6 March 2009 http://www.ca.uky.edu/entomology/entfacts/ef103.asp

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