3. VIBRO CHOLERAE

4. PUTRESCINE CADAVERINE H 2 N – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 2 – NH 2 H 2 N – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 2 – NH 2 CHOLERA BACTERIUM (1,4-diaminobutane or butanediamine) (1,5-diaminopentane or pentanediamine)

5. are produced by the breakdown of amino acids in living and dead organisms and both are toxic in large doses. two compounds are largely responsible for the foul odor of putrefying flesh, but also contribute to the odor of such processes as bad breath and bacterial vaginosis. also found in semen and some microalgae, together with related molecules like spermine and spermidine. PUTRESCINE & CADAVERINE

6. SPERMINE H 2 N – (CH 2 ) 4 – NH – (CH 2 ) 3 – NH 2 SPERMIDINE H 2 N – (CH 2 ) 3 – NH – (CH 2 ) 4 – NH – (CH 2 ) 3 – NH 2 First isolated from human seminal fluid, were they are highly concentrated

9. 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine

10.  Amines are organic compounds and a type of functional group that contain nitrogen as the key atom.  Structurally amines resemble ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic substituents such as alkyl and aryl groups.  Amines are central in organic chemistry. All known life processes depend on AMINO ACIDS, each of which contains an amine group.

11. N R2R2 R1R1 R3R3

12. CLASSIFICATIONS

13. PRIMARY R – NH 2 An amine having one alkyl or aromatic group bonded to nitrogen.

14. EXAMPLES CH 3 – NH 2 methylamine CH 3 – CH 2 – NH 2 ethylamine

15. SECONDARY R 2 – NH An amine having two alkyl or aromatic groups bonded to nitrogen.

16. EXAMPLES CH 3 – NH – CH 3 dimethylamine CH 3 – CH 2 – NH – CH 3 ethylmethylamine

17. TERTIARY R 3 – N An amine having three alkyl or aromatic groups bonded to nitrogen.

18. EXAMPLES CH 3 – N – CH 3 CH 3 trimethylamine CH 3 – CH 2 – N – CH 3 CH 3 ethyldimethylamine

19. PREPARATION

20. WATER HEMLOCK

21. H│NH│N CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 3 CONIINE Extremely toxic ALKALOID

23. OPIUM POPPY

24. O N CH 3 OH MORPHINE Painkillers with strong hallucinogenic & addictive side effects CH 3 │ N O ║ COCH 2 CH 3 DEMEROL Painkillers similar structure to morphine but less side effects

25. COCA

26. NCH 3 O ║ COCH 3 O ║ O ─ C ─ COCAINE

27. CACTUS

28. CH 2 – CH 2 – NH 2 OCH 3 CH 3 O OCH 3 MESCALINE

29. DART FROG

30. H3CH3C H2CH2C HO O H O NCH 3 H CH 3 O C ═ O H3CH3C CH 3 NH BATRACHOTOXIN Derived from D’ word BATRACHOS greek means FROG

31. GALAPAGOS

32. GUANIDINE H 2 N – C – NH 2 NH ║ Guano deposits on GALAPAGOS Islands. GUANIDINE is the compound by which migratory bird excrete waste Metabolic nitrogen.

33. USES

34. NN CH 2 – CH 2 – NH 2 H HISTAMINE Causes many of the symptoms of common cold and the itchy bump cause by insects bites, the effects of HISTAMINE can be relieved to some extent by ANTIHISTAMINES…..

36. CH OCH 2 – CH 2 – N CH 3 diphenhydramine(BENADRYL)

38. C – CH 2 – NH – CH 3 OH HO H EPINEPHRINE

40. Phenylpropanolamine CH – CH – NH 2 OHCH 3

42. NH SO 2 SACCHARIN Artificial sweeteners 100 times sweeter than table sugar

43. NOMENCLATURE

44.  The nomenclature of amines is complicated by the fact that several different nomenclature systems exist, and there is no clear preference for one over the others.  The most important thing to remember is when to use the following :  1. amine  2. amino  3. aniline

45.  SIMPLE AMINES - can be named by common nomenclature as ALKYLAMINE in which amine is added to the name of the organic group.  IUPAC NAMING – Is done by dropping the – e – of the alkane parent chain then add AMINE.

46. EXAMPLES CH 3 – NH 2 methylamine CH 3 – CH 2 – NH 2 COMMON IUPAC methanamine ethylamine COMMON IUPAC ethanamine

47. EXAMPLES CH 3 – NH – CH 3 dimethylamine CH 3 – CH 2 – NH – CH 3 ethylmethylamine CH 3 – CH 2 – N – CH 3 3 HC ethyldimethylamine CH 3 – N – CH 3 CH 3 trimethylamine

48. EXAMPLES NH 2 cyclopentanamine NH 2 CH 3 2 – methyl – cyclopentanamine NH 2 Cl 2,4,6 – trichloro – cyclohexanamine

49. EXAMPLES CH 3 – C ═ CH – CH – CH 3 NH 2 CH 3 4 – methyl – 3 – penten – 2 - amine CH 3 – C ═ CH – CH – C ≡ CH CH 3 – CH 2 NH 2 5 – methyl – 4 – hepten – 1– yne – 3 - amine

50.  To name a substituted amine, both the name and the location of the substituent must be identified.  Substituent on a carbon chain are located by a number, whereas those on a nitrogen are identified by a capital italic letter – N –.

51. EXAMPLES NH – CH 2 – CH 3 N – ethyl – cyclobutanamine NH – (CH 2 ) 5 – CH 3 CH 2 – CH 3 CH 3 – (CH 2 ) 3 3 HC N – hexyl –3 – butyl – 6 – ethyl – 4 – methyl – cyclooctanamine

52. CH 3 – CH 2 – CH – CH 2 – CH 3 EXAMPLES CH 3 – CH 2 – N – (CH 2 ) 3 – CH 3 N – butyl – N – ethyl – 3 – pentanamine CH 3 – CH 2 – N – (CH 2 ) 7 – CH 3 CH 3 N – ethyl – N – methyl – octanamine

53.  AMINE AS SUBSTITUENT  NH 2 – functional group is treated as a chain substituent we called them as amino group and the amine is named as a derivative of the parent compound following the IUPAC rules.

54. CH 3 – CH 2 – CH – CH 2 – CH 3 EXAMPLES NH 2 3 – aminopentane CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 2 NH 2 OH 3 – amino – 1 – propanol CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 2 NH 2 1,3 – diaminopropane

55. EXAMPLES NH 2 HO 3 – aminocyclohexanol CH 3 – CH – CH – CH 2 – CH 2 – OH NH 2 CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 3 3 – amino – 4 – methyheptanol

56.  AROMATIC AMINES  Are usually given names (both common & IUPAC name) based on aniline, the simplest aromatic amine.  Substituted anilines are named using an italic capital – N – to indicate the attached alkyl group to NITROGEN.  Substituents attached to aromatic ring are named based on the usual way we name them.

57. EXAMPLES NH 2 aniline NH – CH 3 N - methylaniline NH – CH 3 N – methy – 3 – ethyllaniline CH 2 – CH 3

58. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

59.  Low Molecular Weight AMINES are gases at room temperature that possess a characteristic ammonia smell.  Complex Molecular Weight AMINES are either liquid or solid at room temperature having a distinctive "fishy" or extremely foul decomposing smell.  Primary & Secondary amines are usually exhibit lower boiling points compare to tertiary and more complex structure amines.  Amines with fewer than six carbon atoms are generally soluble in water as the result of hydrogen bond formation between amine functional group and water.

60. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

61. AMINE + Water ↔ Alkyl ammonium ion + Hydroxide ion CH 3 – NH 2 + H – OHCH 3 – NH 3 + + OH ־

62. EXAMPLES NH 2 aniline + H – OH NH 3+ Anilinium ion + OH ־ CH 3 – NH – CH 3 + H – OH dimethylamine CH 3 – NH 2 + – CH 3 + OH ־

63. AMINE + Acid --- → Amine salt CH 3 – NH 2 + H – ClCH 3 – NH 3+ Cl ־

64. EXAMPLE CH 3 – CH 2 – NH 2 + CH 3 COO – H CH 3 – CH 2 – NH 3+ CH 3 COO ־

65. EXAMPLE CH 3 – (CH 2 ) 5 – NH 2 + C 6 H 5 COO – H CH 3 – (CH 2 ) 5 – NH 3+ C 6 H 5 COO ־

66. AMIDES