1. Chapter 2 Section 1 The Cycles of Matter
Cycles in Nature
Chapter 2
Section 1
The Cycles of Matter

2. The Cycles of Matter 1. What is matter?
Anything that takes up space and has mass
Used over and over again
2. How old is the matter in your body?
It has been on Earth since it was formed billions of years ago

3. Water Cycle
Movement of water among oceans, atmosphere, land, and living things

4. Water Cycle 1. Precipitation
Happens when water moves from the atmosphere to land and oceans
Rain, snow, sleet , and hail

5. Water Cycle 2. Evaporation
The sun’s heat causes water to change from liquid to vapor

6. Water Cycle 3. Condensation
When water vapor cools it forms a liquid that can fall back to Earth as precipitation

7. Water Cycle 4. Ground Water
A. Water that is found underground and stored in caverns or porous rock
B. May stay in the ground for hundreds or thousands of years
C. Provides water to soil, streams, rivers, and oceans

8. Water Cycle 5. Transpiration
A. Plants move water vapor into the atmosphere
B. Plants do this by releasing water vapor through tiny openings in their leaves

9. Water and Life A. Our body is made up of 70% water
B. Water carries waste away from our body tissues
C. Water helps regulate body temperature through perspiration “sweating” and evaporation
This way of returning water to the environment is called- transpiration

10. Bell Work
Draw the water cycle in your science notebook or science binder
Include in your drawing pictures and explanations for the process
Your drawing should include
Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
Transpiration
Groundwater
Sun
Tree
Clouds

11. Bell Work
What process in the water cycle changes water from a liquid to water vapor (gas)?
What process in the water cycle changes water from a gas to a liquid?

12. Carbon
What is GOOD about Carbon?
What is BAD about Carbon?

13. Carbon Cycle Carbon Carbon Cycle
All living things need carbon because it is part of all biological molecules (fats, sugars, proteins)
Carbon Cycle
Movement of carbon from the environment into living things and back to the environment

14. Carbon Cycle 1. Photosynthesis
A. How carbon cycles from the environment into living things
B. Plants use CO2 from the air to make sugars (or their own food)
C. Animals get carbon they need from eating plants

15. Carbon Cycle 2. Cellular Respiration
A. How carbon returns to the environment from living things
B. Living things break down sugar molecules to release energy
C. During this process, CO2 and water are released

16. Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration Equations
(process of changing light energy into chemical energy)
Sunlight+CO2+water (produces) glucose+O2
Cellular Respiration
(process when cells break down food to get energy)
Glucose+O2 (produces) Energy+CO2+water

17. Bell Work
Name the process in the carbon cycle where carbon is moved from the environment into living things?
Hint (What process uses carbon dioxide (CO2)?

18. Carbon Cycle 3. Decomposition
A. Break down of dead material into CO2 and H2O
B. When fungi and bacteria decompose organic matter, they return CO2 to the environment

19. Carbon Cycle 4. Combustion A. Process of burning fossil fuels
B. Fossil fuels-materials that are slowly formed underground from the remains of plants and animals that died million of years ago

20. Carbon Cycle (combustion cont.)
C. Carbon in coal, oil, and natural gas return to atmosphere as CO2 when these fossil fuels are burned
D. Combustion provides the fuel people need to drive cars, heat homes, and make electricity
E. Deforestation-removal of forests

21. Carbon Cycle Practice Quiz
Demo/Quiz

22. How has Carbon Dioxide levels changed in the atmosphere?
A. CO2 in the atmosphere has increased since the burning of more fossil fuels
B. Many scientists believe that extra CO2 from fossil fuels is adding to global warming

23. Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere

24. Carbon Cycle
Draw the carbon cycle in your science notebook or science binder
Include in your drawing pictures and explanations for the process
Your drawing should include:
Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
Decomposition Combustion
Tree or plants Animals
Fossil fuels Use of fossil fuels
Deforestation

25. Quiz Review 1. Where does most of Earth’s precipitation fall?
2. What is the process where sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water is used to make glucose?
3. What is the process where glucose is broken down for energy and carbon dioxide is released?

26. Quiz Review 4. What are fossil fuels? Name 3 examples.
5. Name 3 ways carbon dioxide is transferred from living things into the environment?
6. What is the water cycle process where liquid water returns to the atmosphere?

27. Quiz Review
7. What is the process called when water vapor cools? And what is formed?
8. What is deforestation?
9. What is released during decomposition?
10. Where is carbon found?

28. Nitrogen Cycle
The movement of nitrogen from the environment to living things and back again

29. Nitrogen Cycle A. 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere is nitrogen gas (N2)
B. Most organisms can not use the nitrogen in the air they breathe
C. Living things need nitrogen to make proteins
How do living things get nitrogen?
A.Nitrogen fixation-when bacteria in the soil change nitrogen gas into a formed that can be used by plants
B. Most animals get their nitrogen they need from eating plants

30. Nitrogen Cycle
D. Animal wastes return nitrogen back to the soil and plants use this nitrogen
E. When plant or animals die, decomposers break down the remains and nitrogen recycles back into the soil

31. Nitrogen Cycle
How does nitrogen get from the soil back into the atmosphere?
Denitrification-to take nitrogen out of the soil and change it to nitrogen gas that is released into the atmosphere
Denitrifying bacteria produce nitrogen gas as a waste that is released in the atmosphere and completes the cycle

32. Fungi
How is this fungi important to the carbon cycle?

33. Manure (animal waste)
Why is this farmer spreading manure on the field?
Explain the importance of this procedure in the nitrogen cycle?

34. Bell Work 1. Why do we need nitrogen?
2. What is the process when bacteria change nitrogen into a usable form that can be used by plants?
3. What is the process when bacteria take nitrogen out of the soil and change it to a gas that is released in the atmosphere?

35. Ammonia NH3

36. Question 21

37. Review (pages 42-43 in text book)
Answer
1-3, 6-7, 9-12 14 19
24-25