1. Instant Coffee Lauren Shermer & Genevieve Day

2. Instant Coffee Derived from brewed coffee beans The Japanese were the first to produce a stable instant coffee product in the early 1900s During World War II, instant coffee gained fame among American soldiers after Nestlé marketed its Nescafé brand Can also be used as a homemade black and white photograph developer

3. Freeze Drying Process 1.Coffee beans are roasted and then brewed in hot water 2.Oxygen and insoluble particles such as coffee grounds are removed 3.Next, the coffee is sits and the water evaporates naturally leaving a concentrated coffee solution. 4.This concentrate is then frozen to around 69.4 degrees Fahrenheit. 5.The remaining water freezes into ice crystals. Sublimation is used to remove the ice 6.What's left is dry granules of instant coffee. Because of this process, instant coffee has a longer shelf life compared to freshly ground coffee beans

4. Decaffeination Process Decaffeination Process Coffee beans are still in green state The decaffeination process occurs prior to freeze drying or spray drying Removes 97% to 99% of caffeine Coffee must contain 3% of caffeine or less to be classified as decaffeinated It is impossible to create a coffee that is100% caffeine free

5. Elements Found in Instant Coffee Various elements are found in different types of raw coffee beans. Different elements and compounds produce different blends and strengths of coffee In many blends of instant coffee the following elements are present: o Carbon o Hydrogen o Oxygen o Nitrogen o Potassium o Lead

6. Compounds found in Coffee There are over 200 chemical compounds found in raw coffee beans including Caffeine Arcylamide 4-Methylimidazole 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2- butanone o Gives coffee a sweet and fruity aroma

7. Caffeine Caffeine is one of coffees major components, there is about 57 mg per 8oz. cup of instant coffee. There is less caffeine in instant coffee than in brewed coffee Molecular Formula: C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 Caffeine is composed of the following elements: Nitrogen Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

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9. Carcinogenic Ingredients Some blends of coffee may contain small amounts of compounds identified as carcinogens by the US National Toxicology Program, including Acrylamide 4-methylimidazole

10. Arcylamide Acrylamide is a known lethal neurotoxin Used as binding, or thickening agents in o Grout o Cement o Sewage treatment o Pesticide formulations o Cosmetics o Sugar manufacturing o Food packaging and plastic products Acrylamide levels appear to rise as food is heated for longer periods of time Molecular Formula: C 3 H 5 NO

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12. 4-Methylimidazole Molecular Formula: C 4 H 6 N 2 Used for caramel coloring Composed of the following elements: Nitrogen Hydrogen Carbon Nitrogen Carbon Hydrogen

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