5. What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonucleic Acid

6. What is located at the BOTTOM of a tRNA molecule? Anti-codon sequence

7. Where in the cell is DNA found? Nucleus

8. Scientifically, describe the shape of the DNA molecule. Double Helix

9. What is the complement to this side of a DNA molecule?: TGGACTA ACCTGAT

10. How many pairs of chromosomes does a human have in their body cells? 23

11. Where can mRNA be found? Nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosome

12. A segment of DNA that codes for a protein is called a ______ Gene

13. What are the 3 parts of the DNA molecule? Phosphate group Deoxyribose Sugar Nitrogen Base

14. What sugar is present in RNA? ribose

15. What nitrogen bases are present in RNA? A, U, C, G

16. What is chromatin? Uncoiled DNA

17. What type of bond holds together the nitrogen bases? Hydrogen

18. What scientists are credited with the “base-pairing” rules? Watson & Crick

19. DNA that is coiled would be called? Chromosome

20. When does the DNA replicate? Cell division/Interphase (before mitosis)

21. Going from mRNA to a protein is called _______. Translation

22. During DNA replication, what causes the hydrogen bonds to break? An Enzyme

23. What is the tRNA complement to this mRNA?: AUGCAU UACGUA

24. What polymer makes up or hair color, bone length, etc..? Protein

25. What is the shape of mRNA? Single helix

26. What is the function of tRNA? tRNA anticodons bond w/ mRNA codons to insure the correct order of amino acids

27. What sugar is present in DNA? Deoxyribose

28. What does RNA stand for? Ribonucleic Acid

29. How many strands of mRNA are transcribed from the two “unzipped” strands of DNA? 1

30. What nitrogen bases are present in DNA? A, T, C, G

31. How is the accuracy of the DNA code assured? Base-pairing rules

32. Going from DNA to mRNA is called _________. Transcription

33. What is the mRNA complement to this side of a DNA molecule: AACGTAT UUGCAUA

34. How does the mRNA get out of the nucleus? Nuclear pore

35. Identify this molecule. DNA

36. What is located at the TOP of a tRNA molecule? Amino acids

37. Where does translation occur? Ribosome

38. What is the function of mRNA? To get the DNA code out of the nucleus

39. What are proteins made up of? Amino acids

40. Where must the mRNA attach before protein production can begin? Ribosome

41. Where does transcription occur? Nucleus

42. Identify this molecule. tRNA

43. How many nitrogen bases make up a mRNA codon? 3

44. What type of bond is formed between amino acids during translation? Peptide bond

45. Identify this molecule. mRNA

46. What is the function of rRNA? Creates peptide bonds between the amino acids