1. Synthetic and Natural Organic Polymer Chapter 25 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

2. A polymer is a high molar mass molecular compound made up of many repeating chemical units. Naturally occurring polymers Proteins Nucleic acids Cellulose Rubber Synthetic polymers Nylon Dacron Lucite 25.1

3. The simple repeating unit of a polymer is the monomer. Homopolymer is a polymer made up of only one type of monomer ( CF 2 CF 2 ) n Teflon ( CH 2 CH 2 ) n Polyethylene ( CH 2 CH ) n Cl PVC 25.2

4. Copolymer is a polymer made up of two or more monomers Styrene-butadiene rubber ( CH CH 2 CH 2 CH CH CH 2 ) n

5. R groups on same side of chain Isotactic R groups alternate from side to side Syndiotactic R groups disposed at random Atactic Stereoisomers of Polymers

6. Proteins Amino acids are the basic structural units of proteins. An amino acid is a compound that contains at least one amino group (-NH 2 ) and at least one carboxyl group (-COOH) + H 3 N C C N C C O - + H 2 O H R1R1 H R2R2 O O H + H 3 N C C O - + + H 3 N C C O - H R1R1 H R2R2 OO Peptide bond 25.3

8. Protein Structure 25.3 Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen R group Hydrogen The structure is held in position by intramolecular hydrogen bonds (………)

9. Protein Structure 25.3

10. Protein Structure 25.3 Intermolecular Forces in a Protein Molecule ionic forces hydrogen bonds dispersion forces dispersion forces dispersion forces dipole-dipole forces

11. Hydrogen Bonds in Parallel and Antiparallel  -pleated Sheets 25.3

12. Protein Structure 25.3 The structural changes that occur when oxygen binds to the heme group in hemoglobin.

13. Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are high molar mass polymers that play an essential role in protein synthesis. 1.Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 2.Ribonucleic acid (RNA) DNA molecule has 2 helical strands. Each strand is made up of nucleotides. 25.4

14. The Components of the Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA 25.4

15. Base-Pair Formation by Adenine and Thymine and by Cytosine and Guanine 25.4

16. Chemistry In Action: DNA Fingerprinting 25.4