1. Gases II Dr. Ron Rusay

2. Ideal Gas Law  An equation of state for a gas.  “state” is the condition of the gas at a given time.  PV = nRT  [Consider] If the moles remain constant and conditions change then:  P 1 V 1 / T 1 = P 2 V 2 / T 2

3. QUESTION If a person exhaled 125 mL of CO 2 gas at 37.0°C and 0.950 atm of pressure, what would this volume be at a colder temperature of 10.0°C and 0.900 atm of pressure? A)3.12 mL B)0.130 L C)0.120 L D)22.4 L

4. Ideal Gas Law  PV = nRT  R = proportionality constant = 0.08206 L atm   mol   P = pressure in atm  V = volume in liters  n = moles  T = temperature in Kelvins  Holds closely at P < 1 atm

5. Standard Temperature and Pressure  “STP”  For 1 mole of a gas at STP:  P = 1 atmosphere  T =  C  The molar volume of an ideal gas is 22.42 liters at STP

6. QUESTION If a 10.0 L sample of a gas at 25°C suddenly had its volume doubled, without changing its temperature what would happen to its pressure? What could be done to keep the pressure constant without changing the temperature? A)The pressure would double; nothing else could be done to prevent this. B)The pressure would double; the moles of gas could be doubled. C)The pressure would decrease by a factor of two; the moles of gas could be halved. D)The pressure would decrease by a factor of two; the moles could be doubled.

8. QUESTION A typical total capacity for human lungs is approximately 5,800 mL. At a temperature of 37°C (average body temperature) and pressure of 0.98 atm, how many moles of air do we carry inside our lungs when inflated? (R = 0.08206 L atm/ K mol) A)1.9 mol B) B)0.22 mol C) C)230 mol D) D)2.20 mol E) E)0 mol: Moles can harm a person’s lungs.

9. Do you have enough oxygen to climb Mt. Everest? http://chemconnections.org/chemwiki/everest/everest.htm

10. QUESTION The primary source of exhaled CO 2 is from the combustion of glucose, C 6 H 12 O 6 (molar mass = 180. g/mol.). The balanced equation is shown here: C 6 H 12 O 6 (aq) + 6 O 2 (g)  6 CO 2 (g) + 6 H 2 O (l) If you oxidized 5.42 grams of C 6 H 12 O 6 while tying your boots to climb Mt. Everest, how many liters of O 2 @ STP conditions did you use? A)0.737 L B)0.672 L C)4.05 L D)22.4 L

11. Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures  For a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the pressures of each gas in the mixture. P Total = P 1 + P 2 + P 3 +... P Total  n Total n Total = n 1 + n 2 + n 3 +. n Total = n 1 + n 2 + n 3 +.

12. Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures  For a mixture of gases, the partial gas pressure and total pressure equal the mole fraction of each gas in the mixture. P 1 / P Total = n 1 / n Total

13. QUESTION If the mole fraction of O 2 in our atmosphere at standard conditions is approximately 0.209, what is the partial pressure of the oxygen in every breath you take? A)1.00 atm B)4.78 atm C)159 torr D)3640 mmHg

14. Air Composition

15. An average pair of human lungs actually contains only about 3.5 L of air after inhalation and about 3.0 L after exhalation. Assuming that air in your lungs is at 37°C and 1.0 atm a) How many moles of O 2 are actually in a typical breath?. b) What is the mass of O 2 in a typical breath?. c) How much of the O 2 is essential biochemically?

16. QUESTION An average pair of human lungs actually contains only about 3.5 L of air after inhalation and about 3.0 L after exhalation. Assuming that air in your lungs is at 37°C and 1.0 atm: How many moles of air are actually in a typical breath? 0.0020 mol A) 0.0020 mol B)0.020 mol C)0.030 mol D)0.025 mol E)0.0042 mol

17. QUESTION An average pair of human lungs actually contains only about 3.5 L of air after inhalation and about 3.0 L after exhalation. Assuming that air in your lungs is at 37°C and 1.0 atm: How many moles of O 2 are actually in a typical breath? 0.0020 mol A) 0.0020 mol B)0.020 mol C)0.030 mol D)0.025 mol E)0.0042 mol

18. An average pair of human lungs actually contains only about 3.5 L of air after inhalation and about 3.0 L after exhalation. Assuming that air in your lungs is at 37°C and 1.0 atm c) How much of the O 2 is essential biochemically?

19. Applying the Ideal Gas Law  PV = n RT  n = g of gas/ MM gas [MM gas =g/mol]  PV = (g of gas/ MM gas )RT  MM gas = g of gas(RT)/PV  MM gas = g of gas/V (RT/P)  MM gas = density of gas (RT/P)

20. QUESTION Under STP conditions what is the density of O 2 gas? A)Not enough information is given to solve this. B)1.31 g/L C)1.43 g/L D)0.999 g/L

21. Which sequence represents the gases in order of increasing density at STP? A) Fluorine < Carbon monoxide < Chlorine < Argon B) Carbon monoxide < Fluorine < Argon < Chlorine C) Argon < Carbon monoxide < Chlorine < Fluorine D) Fluorine < Chlorine < Carbon monoxide < Argon QUESTION

22. The density of an unknown atmospheric gas pollutant was experimentally determined to be 1.964 g/ L @ 0 o C and 760 torr. What is the molar mass of the gas?What is the molar mass of the gas? What might the gas be?What might the gas be? QUESTION A) COB) SO 2 C) H 2 OD) CO 2

23. QUESTION Freon-12 had been widely used as a refrigerant in air conditioning systems. However, it has been shown to be a greenhouse gas and destroy the ozone layer. What is the molar mass of Freon-12 if 9.27 grams was collected by water displacement, in a 2.00 liter volume at 30.0°C and 764 mmHg. Water’s vapor pressure at this temperature is approximately 31.8 mmHg. A)120. g/mol B)12.0 g/mol C)115 g/mol D)92.7 g/mol

24. QUESTION An organic compound, which had the aroma of fresh raspberries, was synthesized by a DVC Chem 298 student. Elemental analysis produced the following results: C% = 73.15 ; H% = 7.37 ; O% = 19.49. The empirical formula of the compound is: A)C 2 H 3 O B)C 3 H 5 O C)C 3 H 3 O D) D)C 5 H 6 O E) E)C 6 H 7 O

25. QUESTION 0.0820 grams of the volatile, gaseous phase, of the compound in the previous question, which smells like fresh raspberries, was trapped in a syringe. It had a volume of 12.2 mL at 1.00 atmosphere of pressure and 25.0°C. What is the molar mass of this pleasant smelling compound ? A)13.8 g/mol B)164 g/mol C)40.9 g/mol D)224 g/mol

26. QUESTION Based on your answers in the previous two questions for the compound that smells like fresh raspberries, the following structure matches its molecular formula. A)TRUE B)FALSE

27. QUESTION An organic compound, which had the aroma of fresh raspberries, was synthesized by a DVC Chem 298 student. Elemental analysis produced the following results: C% = 73.15 ; H% = 7.37 ; O% = 19.49. The empirical formula of the compound is: A)C 2 H 3 O B)C 3 H 5 O C)C 3 H 3 O D) D)C 5 H 6 O E) E)C 6 H 7 O

28. QUESTION 0.0820 grams of the volatile, gaseous phase, of the compound in the previous question, which smells like fresh raspberries, was trapped in a syringe. It had a volume of 12.2 mL at 1.00 atmosphere of pressure and 25.0°C. What is the molar mass of this pleasant smelling compound ? A)13.8 g/mol B)164 g/mol C)40.9 g/mol D)224 g/mol

29. QUESTION Based on your answers in the previous two questions for the compound that smells like fresh raspberries, the following structure matches its molecular formula. A)TRUE B)FALSE