1. Hydrocarbon Migration Istvan Csato University of South Carolina Department of Geological Sciences Petroleum Geology Class 745 Spring 2002

2. Hydrostatic condition: Buoyancy

3. Capillary Pressure Capillary pressure Condition of migration

4. Migration Critical height of oil stringer:

5. Migration

6. Darcy’s law: specific discharge [m/s] permeability of the matrix [m 2 ] viscosity of oil [kg/m/s] mean radius of the rock pores [m] tortuosity porosity oil saturation Migration

7. Vertical flow: q o =11.3 cm/year Updip flow at 2 o slope: q o =0.4 cm/year

8. Hydrodynamic Conditions

9. Hydrodynamic Traps

10. Compaction

11. Overpressure

12. Origin of Fluid Flow 1. Restricted-compaction 2. Meteoric Water Recharge

13. Mass conservation equation: Fluid flow equation (Darcy’s Law): Fluid Flow Compaction Fluid Flow - Compaction

14. Effective Stress - Porosity

15. Hydraulic fracturing

16. Primary and Secondary Migration as a function of rock permeability Primary Migration Secondary Migration

17. Migration and Accumulation

18. Migration from Shale to Sandstone

20. Migration through Fractures

21. Example

22. Origin of Fluid Flow 1. Restricted-compaction 2. Meteoric Water Recharge

23. Hydrodynamic Traps

24. Tilt of Oil-Water Contact