1. Organic Chemistry

2. Organic Chemistry The chemistry of carbon compounds
Sometimes called carbon chemistry

3. Organic Chemistry
The backbone element in the molecules of all living things is carbon

4. Carbon Chemistry
Carbon is one of the only elements that can form long chains
Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds

5. Organic Chemistry
Carbon forms covalent bonds with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and the halogens

6. Hydrocarbons

7. Hydrocarbons
Compounds whose molecular structures contain only carbon & hydrogen

8. Hydrocarbons
CH4 C5H10
C3H8 C18H36
C6H6 CxH2y

9. Nomenclature Naming compounds Rules made by IUPAC
International Union of Pure & Applied Chemistry

10. Nomenclature Prefix: Indicates # of carbons in the group
Suffix: Indicates the type of organic compd

11. Organic Prefixes 1 = meth- 6 = hex- 2 = eth- 7 = hept-
3 = prop- 8 = oct-
4 = but- 9 = non-
5 = pent- 10 = dec-

12. Organic Suffixes -ane Sat hydrocarbon -ene DB hydrocarbon
-yne TB hydrocarbon
-ol Alcohol
-one Ketone etc

13. Alkanes

14. Alkanes
Hydrocarbons containing only single covalent bonds

15. Alkanes
All hydrocarbons with no multiple bonds end with the suffix -ane
Prefix: Alk- any length carbon chain

16. Alkanes 1 = methane 6 = hexane 2 = ethane 7 = heptane
3 = propane 8 = octane
4 = butane 9 = nonane
5 = pentane 10 = decane

17. Drill
Name & give the molecular formula for alkanes with 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5 carbons

18. Alkane Chemical Formula
CnH2n+2

19. Name each of the following: C5H12 C3H8 C8H18

20. Saturated Hydrocarbon
A hydrocarbon with the maximum number of hydrogens possible

21. Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
A hydrocarbon with less than the maximum number of hydrogens possible

22. Formula Writing
Molecular Formula
C4H10

23. Condensed structural formula, C-C & C-H bonds understood
Formula Writing
Condensed structural formula, C-C & C-H bonds understood
CH3CH2CH2CH3

24. Condensed structural formula, only C-H bonds understood
Formula Writing
Condensed structural formula, only C-H bonds understood
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

25. Condensed structural formula, bonds understood & repeats in ()
Formula Writing
Condensed structural formula, bonds understood & repeats in ()
CH3(CH2)2CH3

26. Carbon skeleton, C-H bonds omitted
Formula Writing
Carbon skeleton, C-H bonds omitted
C-C-C-C

27. Complete structural formula
Formula Writing
Complete structural formula
H H H H
H C C C C H

28. Stick or minimal Structures

29. Stick Structures Line ends & joints represent carbons
Hydrogens understood
Others draw

30. Draw the following Propane octane hexane pentane butane methane
heptane ethane

31. Draw the following
5-butyl-3-ethyl-4-cyclohexyl-,2,2-dimethyl-6-propylnonane

32. Name the following

33. Branched Alkanes

34. Branched Chains
When an alkane chain gets another hydrocarbon group substituted onto it
Branches: sidechains

35. Branched Chains C
C C C C C C
C C C

36. Naming Branched Chains

37. ) Find the longest continuous carbon chain & name it as the main chain
) Find the longest continuous carbon chain & name it as the main chain. The final name will end with the naming of the main chain

38. C Hexane
C C C C C C
C C C

39. ) Number each carbon in the chain; so that, the side chains will be connected to the lowest possible numbers on the carbons

40. C Hexane
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
C C C

41. ) Name the side chains or substituted groups, & precede them with the # of the carbon they are connected to & a dash

42. C 2-methyl
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
C C C
2-methyl 4-ethyl

43. ) If identical groups appear more than once, use prefixes: di for 2, tri for 3, tetra for 4, penta for 5, etc Examples: dimethyl, tripropyl, etc

44. C 2,2-dimethyl
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
C C C
4-ethyl

45. ) Name the sidechains or groups in alphabetical order, but ignore the prefixes when doing so
Examples: ethyl comes before dimethyl, e < m

46. ) Separate numbers with commas, use hyphens between words & numbers, and write the alkanes as one word
Example: dimethylhexane

47. C
C C C C C C
C C C
4-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane

48. Drill: Name
CH3
CH2
H3C-CH-CH2-CH-CH-CH3
CH CH2

49. Deriving Structures from Names
Draw the main chain first
Look the name ending
Draw the branches
Look the # & group name

50. Draw: 3,4-diethyl-2-methyloctane 2,3,5-trimethylhexane
5-butyl-3-ethyl-2,6,8-trimethyl-4-propyldecane

51. 5-butyl-3-ethyl-2,6,8,9-tetramethyl-4,7-dipropyldecane
Drill: Draw:
5-butyl-3-ethyl-2,6,8,9-tetramethyl-4,7-dipropyldecane

52. Isomers
Compounds that have the same chemical formula, but different shapes