1. SCIENCE 1206

2.  Law of Conservation of Mass  Balancing Chemical Reactions  Types of Chemical Reactions  Simple Composition  Simple Decomposition  Single Replacement  Double Replacement  Hydrocarbon Combustion  Predicting Reaction Types

4.  Mass CANNOT be created nor destroyed.  As applied to a chemical reaction, the MASS of the REACTANTS EQUALS the MASS of the PRODUCTS

5.  Balanced chemical equations are a means of representing the process in a chemical reaction, whereby REACTANTS form PRODUCTS, as per the Law of Conservation of Mass.  REACTANTS:STARTING MATERIALS  PRODUCTS:NEW MATERIALS  ARROW:“Goes to Form” or “Yields”  COEFFICIENTS:# in front of FORMULA  EXAMPLE:  Iron+ oxygen  iron (III) oxide  4 Fe (s) +3 O 2(g)  2 Fe 2 O 3(s)

6.  Make a LIST of atoms for REACTANTS and PRODUCTS.  Count up the NUMBER OF ATOMS on each side.  ADD coefficients in front of the chemical formulae until you have equal numbers on each side.  POINTS TO REMEMBER:  Start with atom that appears in only 1 formula on each side first.  Lowest Common Multiple Rule for coefficients  Keep polyatomic ions together.

10.  Do the next 2 pages for homework!!!

14.  SIMPLE COMPOSITION/SYNTHESIS (SC):  ELEMENT + ELEMENT  COMPOUND  SIMPLE DECOMPOSITION (SD):  COMPOUND  ELEMENT + ELEMENT  SINGLE REPLACEMENT (SR):  ELEMENT + COMPOUND  ELEMENT + COMPOUND  DOUBLE REPLACEMENT (DR):  COMPOUND + COMPOUND  COMPOUND + COMPOUND  HYDROCARBON COMBUSTION (HC):  C x H y + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O  NEUTRALIZATION:  ACID + BASE  SALT + WATER

15.  When studying our chemical reactions, we will use the analogy of RELATIONSHIPS and DANCING!!!  CATIONS will be FEMALES  (remember, they’re positive ions )  ANIONS will be MALES  (remember, they’re negative ions  )

16.  GENERAL EQUATION:  Element + Element  Compound  ANALOGY: RELATIONSHIP  Amy+ Bob  Amy-Bob  A+B  A-B  EXAMPLES:  4 Fe+3 O 2  2 Fe 2 O 3  2 Na +Cl 2  2 NaCl

17.  PREDICT THE PRODUCTS:  _____ Li+_____ Cl 2   _____ Mg + _____ N 2 

19.  GENERAL EQUATION:  Compound  Element + Element  ANALOGY: BREAKUP  Amy-Bob  Amy+ Bob  A-B  A+B  EXAMPLES:  8 FeS  8 Fe + S 8  2 H 2 O  2 H 2 + O 2

20.  PREDICT THE PRODUCTS:  _____ NO 2   _____ Mg 3 P 2 

22.  Do next 2 sheets for homework.

27.  GENERAL EQUATION:  Element + Compound  Element + Compound  ANALOGY: CHEATING!!!  Amy-Bob + Cherise  Amy+ Cherise-Bob Why, Bob, Why?   A-B + C  A+ C-B  EXAMPLES:  1 K + 1 NaCl  1 Na + 1 KCl  1 Cu + 2 AgNO 3  2 Ag + 1 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 NEW!

28.  PREDICT THE PRODUCTS:  _____ ZnS +_____ O 2   _____ Br 2 + _____ NaI 

30.  WHAT’S WRONG WITH THE FOLLOWING EQUATION?  2 NaI + 1 Br 2  2 Na+ 2 IBr There are 2 NEGATIVE IONS put together on the PRODUCT SIDE. IONIC COMPOUNDS are made up of a CATION and an ANION.  CORRECT EQUATION:  2 NaI + 1 Br 2  2 NaBr+ 1 I 2

31.  GENERAL EQUATION:  Compound + Compound  Compound + Compound  ANALOGY: Switching Dance Partners  Amy-Bob + Cherise-Dan  Amy-Dan+ Cherise-Bob  A-B + C-D  A-D+ C-B  EXAMPLES:  2 NaCl +1 MgS  1 Na 2 S + 1 MgCl 2  2 AgNO 3 + 1 H 2 SO 4  1 Ag 2 SO 4 +2 HNO 3 NEW!

32.  PREDICT THE PRODUCTS:  ____ Al(NO 3 ) 3 + ____ H 2 SO 4   ____ Pb(NO 3 ) 2 + ____ CaSO 4 

34.  WHAT’S WRONG WITH THE FOLLOWING EQUATION?  1 Ca(OH) 2 + 1 MgCl 2  1 CaMg+ 2 ClOH There are 2 NEGATIVE IONS and 2 POSITIVE IONS put together on the PRODUCT SIDE. IONIC COMPOUNDS are made up of a CATION and an ANION.  CORRECT EQUATION: 1 Ca(OH) 2 + 1 MgCl 2  1 CaCl 2 +1 Mg(OH) 2

35.  Do the 2 sheets on SINGLE REPLACEMENT and DOUBLE REPLACEMENT that FOLLOW in your booklet!  Remember, CATIONS are always paired with ANIONS and “be positive before being negative”!  Also, REMEMBER your H 2 O 2 F 2 Br 2 I 2 N 2 Cl 2 P 4 S 8

40.  GENERAL EQUATION:  C x H y +O 2  CO 2 +H 2 O  FOR TRICKY BALANCING, TRY THIS: Divide the SUBSCRIPT of the H in C x H y by 2. If your answer is: EVEN  BALANCE using C-H-O ODD  Add a “2” coefficient to the CxHy and THEN BALANCE using C-H-O

41.  PREDICT THE PRODUCTS:  ____CH 4 + ____O 2  ____CO 2 + ____ H 2 O  ____ C 2 H 6 + ____O 2  ____CO 2 + ____ H 2 O  ____ C 5 H 12 + ____O 2  ____CO 2 + ____ H 2 O

42.  GENERAL EQUATION:  ACID + BASE  SALT + WATER  Also considered a DOUBLE REPLACEMENT REACTION

43.  Do the following page on HYDROCARBON COMBUSTION for homework. Remember to use the little “trick” from the notes to keep these simple!!!