2. A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.

6. WRONG ANSWER!!! TRY AGAIN

7. WRONG ANSWER!!! TRY AGAIN

8. WRONG ANSWER!!! TRY AGAIN

9. READ IT !!!

10. CARBON COMPOUND (ALCOHOLS) PRESENTED BY : NURHANISAH ZULKIFLI NORASHIKIN MD RODZI NORASHIKIN MD RODZI JUHANIS MOHAMED ZAHARI

11. ALCOHOL

12. An alcohol is an compound. It contains of 3 elements that is and ALCOHOLS

13. No. Because elements in alcohols contain an oxygen. Is Alcohols a hydrocarbon?? why?? hydrocarbon

15. Alcoholmolecular formula Structural formulaBoiling point(°C) Methanol CH 3 OH H H C O H H 65 Ethanol C 2 H 5 OH H H H C C O H H H 78 Propanol C 3 H 7 OH H H H H C C C O H H H H 97

16. AlcoholOrganic acid Esters Methanol Ethanoic acid Methyl ethanoate Ethanol Ethanol Ethanol Butanoic acid Ethyl butanoate Methanoic acid Ethyl methanoate Propanoic acidEthyl propanoate

17. General formula for alcohol: n is positive integer, n = 1,2,3…… The names of alcohols end with ‘-ol’. Examples ethanol. C n H 2n+1 OH

18. Ethanol is produced through fermentation. By action of yeast, sugars or starch are converted into ethanol.

19. The fermentation of sugar using yeast is optimum at 37°C. If it get too hot, the enzyme will be destroyed. But if the temperature is too low, the yeast become inactive.

20. Glucose Yeast contains an enzyme, zymase that helps to break down sugar to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide. (Zymase enzyme) yeast Ethanol + Carbon dioxide C 6 H 12 O 6 2C 2 H 5 OH + 2CO 2

21. Alcohol is a colourless volatile liquid with a sweet smell. miscible in water.   Both the boiling point and melting point increase as the number of carbon atoms in its molecule increase (get larger).   The miscibility of alcohol in water decreases as molecules get larger.

22. Alcohol burns easily with a clear blue flame in a plentiful supply of air to produce carbon dioxide and water only. Alcohol burns easily with a clear blue flame in a plentiful supply of air to produce carbon dioxide and water only. Alcohol + oxygenCarbon dioxide + water

23. Esterification Reaction of an alcohol with an organic acid catalyzed by little concentrated sulphuric acid to produce an ester. Alcohol + organic acid Concentrated sulphuric acid Ester + Water

24. Example : Ethanol + ethanoic acid Ethyl ethanoate + water Concentrated sulphuric acid C 2 H 5 OH + CH 3 COOH CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 + H 2 O H 2 SO 4

25. FUELS SOLVENTSCOSMETICS MEDICINES

26. SOLVENTS Alcohols are good solvents for dissolving organic compound which are insoluble in water. Ethanol : Dissolve shellac, varnishes, perfumes and dyes. Methylated spirit : Solvent for varnishes and paints.

28. COSMETICS Aftershave lotion Cleanser Perfumes

30. MEDICINE S Mild antiseptic for cleaning injured skin and prevents infections. Sterilise the skin before giving an injection. Dissolve medicines which are insoluble in water.

32. FUEL S 2CH 3 OH(l)+3O 2 (g) 2CO 2 (g)+4H 2 O(l) +heat energy Heat energy released can be used to run motor vehicles.

34. EFFECTS… Health Problem Health Problem Health Problem Health Problem Social Problem Social Problem Social Problem Social Problem Psychiatric Problem Psychiatric Problem Psychiatric Problem Psychiatric Problem

35. HEALTH PROBLEM Liver diseases such as hepatitis Obesity Heart diseases High blood pressure

37. SOCIAL PROBLEM Drinking too much alcohol cause a person to get drunk. Increased crime rates. (fights,thefts) Increased accident rates.

38. PSYCHIATRIC PROBLEM Alcohol acts as a depressant. Drinking too much alcohol cause a person to be anxious.

40. EXPERIMENT 4.2 Aim : To study the properties of alcohol. Problem : What are the physical and chemical properties of alcohol. Hypothesis : Alcohol can be identified by their physical and chemical properties.

42. Record your observation in the table given.

43. QUIZ Question 1 Question 2 Question 3

44. 1. WHICH ONE IS THE GENERAL FORMULA FOR ALCOHOL?? A) C n H 2n+1 OH A) C n H 2n+1 OH B) C 2n H n+1 OH B) C 2n H n+1 OH C) C 2n+1 H n OH C) C 2n+1 H n OH

45. 2. ALL THE FOLLOWING IS THE EFFECT OF ALCOHOL, EXCEPT……. A) HEALTH PROBLEMHEALTH PROBLEM B) SOCIAL PROBLEMSOCIAL PROBLEM C) FINANCIAL PROBLEMFINANCIAL PROBLEM

46. 3. WHAT IS ELEMANT IN ALCOHOL? A) CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGENCARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN B) HYDROCARBON, OXYGEN, CARBONHYDROCARBON, OXYGEN, CARBON