1. The Role of Hydrogen Production in Landfill Gas Utilization Prepared By Kurt Kornbluth, Dr. Paul Erickson, Zach Mccafferty Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering and Rob Williams, Biological and Agricultural Engineering

2. Project Activities –1st Stakeholders workshop Define Research Focus –2nd Stakeholders workshop Present Draft Report –Final Report

3. Report Focus California LFG Potential Producing Vehicle-grade hydrogen from LFG –Methods/Economics Hydrogen enrichment of LFG to reduce NOx emissions –Methods/Economics

4. California LFG Potential Puente Hills Spadra Mission Canyon

5. LFG Methane Model Result 85 billion cubic feet per year (BCF/y) methane produced and ~ 55 BCF/y recoverable in 2005 * Updated from California Biomass Collaborative Resource Reports

6. Hydrogen Potential From LFG in CA Assumes fuel cell vehicle efficiency is equivalent to 60 mpg gasoline

7. LFG to Hydrogen for Vehicle Fuel

8. Scenarios Considered

9. Results

11. Hydrogen Enrichment of Landfill Gas (HLFG)

12. NOx Reduction Scenarios

13. Results

14. Results Summary H2 potential from LFG is 2% of California’s gasoline usage H2 from LFG may be cost-competitive but technical hurdles exist in pre and post-process clean up Early H2 fueling stations will be demonstration-scale only HLFG has potential for lowering NOx emissions but is only viable If Hydrogen is produced via the LFG fuel- stream

15. Recommendations –Proof-of-concept HLFG in an IC engine –Demonstration-scale project for LFG-to- hydrogen for vehicle fuel

16. Questions?

19. SCS Engineers Estimate

21. Estimating Hydrogen Potential from California Landfill Gas Predicted LFG production from California landfills (2005-2025) Then estimate Hydrogen potential from LFG using assuming basic steam- methane-reforming (SMR) of natural gas

22. Landfill Gas Potential from California Landfills (2005-2025) Based on waste-in-place (WIP) since 1970 and projected future disposal –WIP since 1970 is approximately 1.1 billion tons Disposal growth from 42 to 53 million tons per year (2005-2025)

23. Landfill Gas Potential from California Landfills (2005-2025) Model similar to LandGEM (USEPA) first order decay model for LFG estimate Assumes waste has ultimate methane yield of 3,200 ft 3 /ton Model output for 1 ton of waste buried in year 0

24. Scope H2 Production Clean-up Fuel Cell H2 Enrichment Power Generation ElectricityTransportation Landfill LFG (CH 4, CO 2 ) Vent Flare Energy Recovery CO 2 removal/ purification High Purity CH 4 CO 2 recovery/sequestration