2. METAL HYDROGEN STORAGE SYSTEMS Andrew Craft University of Hartford Department of Chemistry

3. Energy Sources Fossil Fuels Fossil Fuels –Coal –Petroleum –Natural Gas Alternative Energies Alternative Energies –Solar –Nuclear –Hydrogen –Others - E85, Wind, Hydroelectric, Geothermal

4. Fossil Fuels Very Dirty Very Dirty –Health –Environmental Limited Supply Limited Supply –2030? –2050? –Tomorrow?

5. Why Hydrogen? Most energetic non-nuclear fuel. Most energetic non-nuclear fuel. –2.5x as energetic as Natural Gas (methane) per gram. Burns clean Burns clean –2H 2 + O 2  2H 2 O Abundant as water. Abundant as water. –2H 2 O  2H 2 + O 2 Only basic technological changes needed. Only basic technological changes needed.

6. Why not Hydrogen as Fuel ? Little, if any, net useful energy Little, if any, net useful energy Flammability

7. metal hydrogen systems may be a solution

8. Metal-Hydrogen Systems! What is a Metal-Hydrogen System? What is a Metal-Hydrogen System? –a.k.a. Metal-Hydride

9. As the name implies, a metal hydrogen system results from the absorption of hydrogen by a metal. Once absorbed, the hydrogen is not flammable!!

10. Why Metal-Hydrides? Pacification of hydrogen = Not flammable! Pacification of hydrogen = Not flammable!

11. Things to worry about with Hydrogen Storage in Metals High storage capacity High storage capacity Fast charging & discharging Fast charging & discharging Cost (Who Killed The Electric Car?) Cost (Who Killed The Electric Car?) Non-extreme plateau pressures Non-extreme plateau pressures Long service life Long service life –cycling effects/ embrittlement –poisoning Activation Activation

12. Possible Applications of Metal Hydrogen Systems Fuel storage Fuel storage Fuel Cells Fuel Cells Batteries Batteries Refrigerators & heat pumps Refrigerators & heat pumps Isotopic separation & hydrogen purification Isotopic separation & hydrogen purification Window/Mirror technology ? Window/Mirror technology ?

13. HICE Cars FORD BMW

14. MAZDA CADILLAC

15. FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY Courtesy of Louisiana Tech University

16. HONDA CLARITY

17. The Governor Pumping Up

18. California Hydrogen Highway Courtesy of California Fuel Cell Partnership

19. We’re almost Famous! http://www.wfsb.com/video/1914 2859/http://www.wfsb.com/video/1914 2859/ ) http://www.wfsb.com/video/1914 2859/

20. The End Acknowledgment: Petroleum Research Fund Thank You !