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Section 2.4—Defining, Naming & Writing Acids & Bases
We need to know how acids and bases behave when talking about ant-acids!
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Acids
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Acids – Arrhenius Definition
A compound that has a H+ cation that it can donate to water to produce the hydronium ion (H3O+1) H O water H O +1 H +1 hydronium ion By this definition, if an acid is to give a H+1 to water, then all acids will have hydrogen as the cation (first element written).
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How do Acids produce Hydronium?
- water acid Hydrogen cation with some anion
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How do Acids produce Hydronium?
- +1 H O
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How do Acids produce Hydronium?
- +1 H O Hydronium ion Anion
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Naming Acids
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Naming Non-oxygen Acids
These compounds : Start with “H” (more than 1 “H” is OK, too). Have only 2 elements in total (One of them is hydrogen the other is NOT oxygen.) Examples: HCl H2S To name these compounds: Use “hydro____ic acid” Fill in the blank with the anion’s name without the last syllable
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Example #1 HBr
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HBr Example #1 Hydrobromic acid Hydrogen cation Bromine It’s an acid
No oxygen Use “hydro___ic”
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Naming Oxygen Acids These compounds have: To name these compounds:
Start with “H” (more than 1 “H” is OK, too). Contain a polyatomic ion that has oxygen in it. To name these compounds: Use “___ic acid” for “-ate” anions; the blank is filled in with the polyatomic ions name without the suffix. Use “___ous acid” for “-ite” anions; the blank is filled in with the polyatomic ions name without the suffix. Examples: HNO2 is . . . HNO3 is . . .
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Example #2 H2SO3
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H2SO3 Example #2 Sulfurous acid Hydrogen cation Sulfite ion
It’s an acid Hydrogen cation H2SO3 Sulfite ion “-ite” ion Use “___ous” acid Sulfurous acid
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Example #3 H2SO4
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H2SO4 Example #3 Sulfuric acid Hydrogen cation Sulfate ion
It’s an acid Hydrogen cation H2SO4 Sulfate ion “-ate” ion Use “___ic” Sulfuric acid
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Write the name for the following compounds
Let’s Practice HI H2CO3 HC2H3O2 H3PO3 Example: Write the name for the following compounds
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Write the name for the following compounds
Let’s Practice HI H2CO3 HC2H3O2 H3PO3 hydroiodic acid carbonic acid acetic acid phosphorous acid Example: Write the name for the following compounds
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Writing Acid Formulas
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“Hydro-” acids To write these formulas: The cation is H+1
Write the anion and charge Balance the charges by adding the appropriate subscript to the hydrogen cation
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Example #4 Hydrofluoric acid
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Hydrofluoric acid Example #4 Hydrogen cation Only one other element
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Does not contain oxygen
Example #4 H+1 Hydrogen cation Hydrofluoric acid Does not contain oxygen H+1F-1 F-1 HF
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NON “Hydro-” acids To write these formulas: The cation is H+1
If it is an “-ic” acid, the anion is the “-ate” polyatomic ion If it is an “-ous” acid, the anion is the “-ite” polyatomic ion Add subscript to the hydrogen cation to balance charges
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Example #5 Carbonic acid
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From the “___ate” anion
Example #5 H+1 Hydrogen cation Carbonic acid From the “___ate” anion CO3-2
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From the “___ate” anion
Example #5 H+1 Hydrogen cation Carbonic acid H+CO32- From the “___ate” anion CO3-2 H2CO3
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Example #6 Nitrous acid
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From the “___ite” anion
Example #6 H+1 Hydrogen cation Nitrous acid From the “___ite” anion NO2-1
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From the “___ite” anion
Example #6 H+1 Hydrogen cation Nitrous acid H+NO2- From the “___ite” anion HNO2 NO2-1
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Write the formula for the following acids
Let’s Practice Phosphoric acid Hydroiodic acid Acetic acid Perchloric acid Example: Write the formula for the following acids
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Write the formula for the following acids
Let’s Practice Phosphoric acid Hydroiodic acid Acetic acid Perchloric acid H3PO4 HI HC2H3O2 HClO4 Example: Write the formula for the following acids
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Bases Objective: Define and distinguish between acids & bases
Explain and use nomenclature rules for naming and writing formulas for bases
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Bases – Arrhenius Definition
Bases produce the hydroxide ion in water MOST bases will be ionic compounds with the OH-1 anion. (Ex. NaOH or Ca(OH)2) MOST IMPORTANT EXCEPTION is NH3 (ammonia). NH3 + H2O NH OH-1 H O -1 Hydroxide Ion
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Naming & Writing Bases
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Naming Bases Most bases are just ionic compounds with “hydroxide” as their anion The most common exception to this is ammonia. NH3 is a base even though it doesn’t contain “-OH” as the anion.
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Example #7 NaOH
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Example #7 Sodium NaOH Sodium Hydroxide Hydroxide
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Example #8 Iron (III) hydroxide Fe+3 OH-1 criss –cross the number of the charges Fe(OH)3
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Write the formula or name for each
Let’s Practice Ca(OH)2 KOH Sr(OH)2 Copper (II) hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Example: Write the formula or name for each
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Write the formula or name for each
Let’s Practice Ca(OH)2 KOH Sr(OH)2 Copper (II) hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Strontium hydroxide Cu(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 Example: Write the formula or name for each
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