1. Karam Kasturi Sophia Hydrogen Bonding “I came, I saw, I conquered……chemistry”-Muhammad Awan

2. Content  Hydrogen Bonding is a special type of intermolecular attraction between the hydrogen atom in a polar bond (particularly H-F, H-O, and H-N) and non-bonding electron pair on a nearby small electronegative ion or atom usually F, O, OR N (in another molecule).  Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds  E.g. a hydrogen bond exists between the H atom in an HF molecule and the F atom of an adjacent HF molecule.  Hydrogen bonds can be considered a type of dipole-dipole attraction.

3. What is dipole-dipole and how does it work in hydrogen bonding?  Dipole-dipole attractions are formed due to presence of a permanent dipole moment in polar molecule.  These forces originate from electrostatic attractions between the partially positive end of one molecule and partially negative end of a neighboring molecule.  Molecules have to be extremely close for dipole-dipole to work.  These bonds an be called dipole-dipole attraction. Why? Because…  N, O, and F are so electronegative, a bond between Hydrogen and any of these elements is quite polar, with hydrogen at the positive end and N, O, or F at the negative ends.

4. Visual http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/biology/biolo gy1111/animations/hydrogenbonds.html

5. Quiz 1) To what attractions can hydrogen bonding be linked to? a) dispersion forces b) Ion-dipole forces c) Dipole-dipole forces d) Covalent bonding 2) In what bonds does hydrogen bonding work? a) Only in Covalent bonds b) Only in Polar covalent bonds c) Only Polar covalent bonds formed between H and 0, N, or F. d) Only in Ionic bonds

6. Quiz 3) Hydrogen Bonds are weaker than? a) Covalent bonds b) Ionic bonds c) Both of these. 4) what element in the following diagram holds the negative charge?

7. Questions  If you have any questions feel free to keep them to yourself.  Any questions? #conquerchemistry