1. Topic List: To be modified based on student interest Background and Theory Fractionation Tracing the hydrologic cycle Isotope effects Paleothermometry Rock-water interaction Carbon Isotopes Strontium Cosmogenic Sulfur Nitrogen

3. Hydrogen Isotopes Example 1H: Protium, no neutrons, mass = 1 amu; stable 2H: Deuterium – extra neutron, mass = 2 amu; stable 3H: Tritium – two extra neutrons, mass = 3 amu, radioactive t1/2 = 12.3 yr

5. Equilibrium Fractionation

7. Light Stable Isotopes Clark and Fritz, 1997

8. Isotopic variation Hoefs, 2004

9. Oxygen variation Hoefs, 2004

10. Hydrogen variation Hoefs, 2004

11. Carbon variation Hoefs, 2004

12. Nitrogen Variation Hoefs, 2004

13. Sulfur variation Hoefs, 2004