2. What in the world is an element? Ch. 3 Section 1

3. An Element is… A substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by a physical or chemical change

4. The smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element is called an atom. An atom is the basic building block of matter. »The solid cobalt is already broken down as far as it can be. It is an element, which means no physical or chemical change will change what it is. Cobalt

5. Atoms All elements are made of atoms. Atoms of the same element are alike. –Ex: All carbon atoms look the same Atoms of different elements are different. –Ex: Carbon atoms and helium atoms look different.

6. A meteorite might travel more than 400 million kilometers to reach Earth. But the particles of iron in a meteorite, a steel spoon, and steel braces are alike. They are all the same pure substance.

7. History of Elements In 1813, a system of representing elements with symbols was introduced. –Each symbol consists of one or two letters. –Two letters are needed for a chemical symbol when the first letter of that element’s name has already been used.

8. Common Elements AluminumAl BromineBr CalciumCa CarbonC GoldAu HeliumHe HydrogenH NitrogenN

9. What is a pure substance? A pure substance is a substance in which there is only one type of particle that makes it up. All of the elements on the periodic table are pure substances!

10. What are properties of elements?

11. Each element has its own unique set of characteristic properties such as: boiling point, melting point, reactivity with an acid density An element may share a property with another element, however other properties can be used to tell the elements apart.

12. Examples: Helium and Krypton are both unreactive gases. However, their densities differ. So, you could use the property of density to tell the two apart. Krypton is more dense than air, so if put in a balloon, it would sink.

13. Identifying Elements by Properties... Cobalt Iron Nickel

14. Open your books to pg. 57 and read Figure 2 This figure shows how each element has its own unique properties. You use these properties to tell the elements apart and to classify them.

15. How are the elements classified ?

16. They are grouped by the properties they share! Metals Nonmetals Metalloids

17. Metal -an element that is shiny and that conducts heat and electricity well. -They are malleable (can be hammered into thin sheets) -They are ductile (they can be drawn into thin wires)

18. Nonmetal -an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly - solid non-metals are dull in appearance, brittle, and unmalleable -Few familiar objects are made with them

19. Metalloid -an element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals. -Called semi-conductors -Some are shiny -Some are dull -Somewhat malleable and ductile -They conduct heat and electric current well

21. The states Of matter are…

22. Solids Liquids Gases

23. Compounds Chapter 3 Section 2

24. Compounds Compounds are pure substances. Compounds are made from more than one element that are chemically combined.

25. Familiar Compounds CompoundElements Combined Table Saltsodium and chlorine Waterhydrogen and oxygen Vinegarhydrogen, carbon, and oxygen Carbon Dioxidecarbon and oxygen Baking Sodasodium, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen

26. Compounds Just as each element has its own physical properties, so does each compound. They also can be recognized by their chemical properties Compounds join together in a specific mass ratio each time they form. –Ex: Water forms at a 1:8 ratio of hydrogen and oxygen. For every 1g of hydrogen there is, there must be 8g of oxygen. Without this, water would not be formed.

27. Compounds Continued… the properties of a compound are very different from the properties of the elements that form it example: sodium is a metal that burns easily chlorine is a poisonous gas they combine to form sodium chloride or table salt

28. Why do compounds form? compounds are formed as the result of a chemical change the elements combine to form a new substance with new properties a chemical change is also required to break a compound down

29. Breaking Down Compounds Compounds can be broken down into the elements that formed them, or simpler substances through chemical changes. –Heat –Electrolysis Example: Water can be broken down into the elements– hydrogen and oxygen that formed it in the first place.