1. Covalent Bonding Visit www.worldofteaching.comwww.worldofteaching.com For 100’s of free powerpoints

2. Chlorine atom 2,8,7

3. 2 Chlorine atoms Outer shells only

4. Chlorine molecule Cl 2 Molecules have no overall electric charge Molecular or covalent compounds are usually gases or liquids – they have low melting points and low boiling points Forces between molecules very weak Forces (bonds) between atoms in the molecule very strong Each outer shell has 8 electrons Electrons shared

5. Covalent bonds can be represented in 3 ways:

6. Cl Chlorine Cl 2 Cl

7. Covalent Bonds: Water H 2 O MethaneCH 4 AmmoniaNH 3 HydrogenH 2 Hydrogen ChlorideHCl OxygenO 2 N.B. Oxygen has a double bond

8. Oxygen O 16 8 Oxygen atom 2,6

9. 2 Oxygen atoms (outer shells only) Double covalent bond O O