1. Chapter 27 Chills and Fever During the Cold War, 1945-1960 The American People, 5 th ed.

2. I. Origins of the Cold War

3. The American Stance/ Soviet Aims  The United States emerged from World War II more powerful than any other nation and it sought to use that power in the creation of a world order based on the ideals of democracy  Soviet aims included rebuilding after the ravages of war, and a restructuring of her borders to prevent a repeat German invasion

6. Early Cold War Leadership  Eisenhower saw Communism as a overreaching world force bent on domination through subversive activity  Joseph Stalin, the soviet Leader, possessed almost unlimited power and answered to no one  Americans distrusted Soviet political aims and generally equated Communism with the Nazi state

7. II.Containing the Soviet Union

10. Containment Defined  George Kennan is generally credited with defining Americas response to the aggressiveness of the Soviet Union  Containment theory taught that the Soviets would never turn from their plans of world domination unless hindered by force at every turn  Containment created the need for America to assist any country that was perceived to be falling under the influence of the Soviets

11. The Truman Doctrine  “I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” --Harry Truman --Harry Truman

12. The Next Steps  The Marshall Plan: rebuilding the devastations of war-torn Europe with massive American aid  NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a twelve-member alliance that vowed that an attack on one nation- member would be an attack on all

13. III.Containment in Asia and the Middle East

14. Asia  Internal conflict in China produced a revolution to Communism that the U.S. was in no position to stifle  War on the Korean peninsula produced a stalemate between a communist North and a democratic South that exists to this day  Vietnam, an American conflict inherited from the French, closely resembled the problems of Korea with one exception: communism won

16. The Middle East  The state of Israel, created by the United Nations as a homeland for the Diaspora Jews of the Holocaust, unfortunately displaced thousands of Palestinian Arabs from their traditional lands along the Mediterranean  This action solidified Arab hatred of the western sponsors of Israel and put in motion a series of war and death that survives to this day

18. IV.The Cold War at Home

20. Truman’s Loyalty Program  Truman, worried about the influence of communism within the borders of the U.S., created the Employee Loyalty Program in 1947  Although only dismissing several hundred employees overall, Truman’s program set a precedent for government review of who could be considered a threat due to a belief system

21. Joe McCarthy  The key anti-Communist Senator of the 1950s  Virtually unknown beforehand, he make a reputation uncovering Communist plots and targeting anyone outside his narrow version of “American”  General public alarm over the evils of Communism allowed McCarthy the latitude to destroy many reputations needlessly