1. Alterations of Consciousness Psychology 2617

2. Introduction Basically, sleep and wakefulness and stuff in between Basically, sleep and wakefulness and stuff in between We have a rhythm to this stuff We have a rhythm to this stuff Circadian Circadian We have other rhythms too We have other rhythms too Basically a 24 hr clock Basically a 24 hr clock

3. Circadian rhythms 24 hr clock 24 hr clock Sleep and wakefulness cycle Sleep and wakefulness cycle Clock can be set and reset Clock can be set and reset Jet lag Jet lag Exercise and sex Exercise and sex Pineal gland and SCN play a role Pineal gland and SCN play a role

4. sleep There are rhythms within sleep too There are rhythms within sleep too 90 min or so cycle of dreaming 90 min or so cycle of dreaming Five stages of sleep Five stages of sleep Alpha to delta Alpha to delta REM REM

5. REM 25% of the night 25% of the night Eye movement Eye movement Hallucinations Hallucinations Genital arousal Genital arousal Everybody dreams Everybody dreams We need REM We need REM

6. Without REM Tired Tired Immune system depressed Immune system depressed Creativity drops Creativity drops Trouble concentrating Trouble concentrating Slowed performance Slowed performance Misperception Misperception HGH is released during sleep HGH is released during sleep So insomnia is a big deal So insomnia is a big deal

7. Sleep disorders Insomnia as mentioned Insomnia as mentioned Narcolepsy Narcolepsy Drop right into REM Drop right into REM Sleep apnea Sleep apnea Deprived of O 2, less slow wave sleep Deprived of O 2, less slow wave sleep Potentially fatal Potentially fatal Night terrors Night terrors Stage 4 Stage 4 Mostly kids Mostly kids

8. Another cool example Mutant hamsters Mutant hamsters Martin Ralph Martin Ralph Tau gene Tau gene TT normal 24 hr cycle TT normal 24 hr cycle tt 20 hr cycle tt 20 hr cycle Tt or tT gives 22 hr cycle Tt or tT gives 22 hr cycle

9. Teenage Mutant Ninja Hamsters Single Gene effect Single Gene effect Affects brain development Affects brain development SCN specifically SCN specifically May be cognitive effects May be cognitive effects

10. The disorders Sleep apnea Sleep apnea Basically you stop breathing Basically you stop breathing Of course, this leads to hypoxia, which we have talked about Of course, this leads to hypoxia, which we have talked about Can wake up disoriented, can actually cause damage Can wake up disoriented, can actually cause damage May be the cause of SIDS May be the cause of SIDS

11. Sleep Apnea Obstructive sleep apnea Obstructive sleep apnea Airway collapses Airway collapses Central sleep apnea Central sleep apnea Brain stops sending sleep signals Brain stops sending sleep signals CPAP and alarms are the treatments CPAP and alarms are the treatments

12. Narcolepsy Straight to REM outa nowhere Straight to REM outa nowhere Symptoms Symptoms Irresistible urge to sleep Irresistible urge to sleep Cataplexy Cataplexy Hypnagogic hallucination Hypnagogic hallucination Sleep paralysis Sleep paralysis Can be controlled Can be controlled

13. Night Terrors Usually in stage 4 sleep Usually in stage 4 sleep Oddly, you should not be hallucinating here Oddly, you should not be hallucinating here What causes them What causes them Dunno Dunno Usually we grow out of them Usually we grow out of them Often manifests itself in older people with sleep walking Often manifests itself in older people with sleep walking

14. Seizures Grand mal Grand mal Petit mal Petit mal Generalized Generalized Partial Partial Aura beforehand Aura beforehand Prodromal phase Prodromal phase Postictal phase Postictal phase

15. Of course I sees her, she’s right over there Really a symptom Really a symptom Something is up Something is up Could be a tumour Could be a tumour Could be a brain anomaly of some sort Could be a brain anomaly of some sort As varied as people are As varied as people are Treatment usually involves drugs or a learning type approach Treatment usually involves drugs or a learning type approach