1. Deviance and Social Control Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program 11 Essentials of Sociology 9 th Edition Chapter 6: Deviance Chapter 6: Deviance

2. Deviance and Social Control Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. What is Deviance? The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective The Functionalist Perspective The Conflict Perspective Types of Crime The U.S. Prison System 22 Chapter Overview

3. Deviance and Social Control Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. “It is not the act itself, but the reaction to the act, that make something deviant.” Howard Becker, 1966 33 What is Deviance?

4. Deviance and Social Control Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Deviance is a violation of societal norms What is deviant to some is not deviant to others “Deviance” is a nonjudgmental term 44 What is Deviance?

5. Deviance and Social Control Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Stigma –Erving Goffman A person can have a stigma and be considered deviant A stigma is a blemish on ones identity A stigma is a violation of norms of appearance and ability A person can have a stigma by being a member of an involuntary group 55 StigmaStigma

6. Deviance and Social Control Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Norms Make Social Life Possible by Making Behavior Predictable Informal and Formal Norms (crimes) Norms Bring About Social Order Societies have formal and informal means to enforce norms and this is referred to as Social Control 66 Norms and Social Life

7. Deviance and Social Control Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Sociobiology  Look for Answers Inside Individuals  Genetic Predispositions Psychologists  Focus on Conditions Within Individuals  Personality Disorders Sociology  Sociologists look for Answers Outside Individuals 77 Explanations of Deviance

8. Deviance and Social Control Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Created by Edwin Sutherland We learn to deviate by those we associate with in our lives This includes family, friends, and neighbors 50 % of people in prison also have a father, mother, brother, or sister that have also committed a crime Prison or freedom? 88 Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Differential Association Theory

9. Deviance and Social Control Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Created by Travis Hirschi We all want to commit deviant acts but we don’t because of inner and outer controls The stronger the controls, the less likely deviance is to occur Inner controls: Conscience, Morals, Religious Beliefs Outer controls: Attachments, Commitments, Involvements in society 99 Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Control Theory

10. Deviance and Social Control Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Created by Howard Becker Labels propel us into deviance or can divert us away from it Techniques of Neutralization: 5 ways people reject labels Denial of Responsibility, Denial of Injury, Denial of a Victim, Condemnation of the Condemners, Appeal to Higher Loyalties  10 Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Labeling Theory

11. Deviance and Social Control Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. According to Durkheim, deviance is functional because: 1)It affirms moral boundaries 2)Promotes Social Unity 3)Promotes Social Change  11 Functionalist Perspective Can Deviance Be Functional?

12. Deviance and Social Control Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Robert Merton created the Strain Theory We are all socialized to want certain cultural goals but we don’t all have the means to attain those goals People develop strain and a sense of anomie (normlessness)  12 Functionalist Perspective Strain Theory

13. Deviance and Social Control Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Conformity – This is the most common response to strain and is a non-deviant response Innovator – Wants to achieve cultural goals but uses illegitimate methods Ritualism – Has given up on attaining cultural goals but still clings to conventional means of conduct Retreatism – Rejects cultural goals and means to attain those goals Rebellionism – Rejects cultural goals and tries to replace them with own goals  13 Functionalist Perspective: Responses to Strain

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15. Deviance and Social Control Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The law is used as a means to oppress the masses Those who have the wealth and power often bypass the law and others must pay full penalties Every once in a while someone from the upper social classes is “showcased” so as to appear fair  15 Conflict Perspective

16. Deviance and Social Control Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. White Collar Crime Crime that is committed by those who have wealth and power Corporate crime is a type of white collar crime Street Crime Often committed by those of the lower social classes as a way to survive Includes property crime  16 Two Types of Crime

17. Deviance and Social Control Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The U.S. has the highest amount of prisoners in the world Many prisons face overcrowding The recidivism rate is high; 2/3 of those who commit violent crimes are rearrested The majority of prisoners are male, have a high school education, and are from the lower to middle social classes What should be the purpose of prisons?  17 The U.S. Prison System

18. Deviance and Social Control Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.  18

19. Deviance and Social Control Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.  19 Figure 6.1 Some States Are Safer: Violent Crime in the United States Note: Violent crimes are murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. As this figure illustrates, violent crime varies widely among the states. The chance of becoming a victim of these crimes is seven times higher in South Carolina, the most dangerous state, than in Maine, the safest state. Washington, D.C., not a state, is in a class by itself. Its rate of 1,508 is thirteen times higher than Maine’s rate. Source: By the author. Based on Statistical Abstract of the United States 2009:Table 297.

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21. Deviance and Social Control Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.  21 Figure 6.3 Recidivism of U.S. Prisoners Note: The individuals were not necessarily rearrested for the same crime for which they had originally been imprisoned. Source: By the author. Based on Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics 2003:Table 6.50.