1. Marching Toward War
Chapter 13, Section 1

2. Introduction
Efforts to outlaw war and achieve a permanent peace had been gaining momentum in Europe since the middle of the 19th century.
Some Europeans believed that progress had made war a thing of the past.
Yet in little more than a decade, a massive war would spread across the globe.

3. Rising Tensions in Europe
Below the surface of peace and goodwill, Europe witnessed several gradual developments that would ultimately help propel the continent into war.

4. The Rise of Nationalism
The growth of ___________—deep devotion to one’s nation—caused intense competition among the __________: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, and France.
The ________ competed for markets and territory.
Intense nationalism in the nations of the _________ led to demands for independence among Serbs, Bulgarians, Romanians, and others.

5. Imperialism and Militarism
__________, and the quest for colonies sometimes pushed European nations to the brink of war and intensified the sense of rivalry and mistrust.
The nations of Europe took pride in having strong militaries and being prepared for war. This led to a dangerous ________.
Glorifying military power is called ___________.

6. Tangled Alliances
Growing rivalries and mutual mistrust had led to the creation of several military alliances among the Great Powers as early as the 1870s. This alliance system had been ____________ in Europe. But it would instead help ________________.

7. Bismarck Forges Early Pacts
Between 1864 and 1871, Prussia’s blood-and-iron chancellor, ___________, freely used war to unify Germany.
Bismarck saw France as the greatest threat to peace.
His goal was to isolate France and leave it without allies.
In 1879, Bismarck formed the Dual Alliance between _______ and Austria-Hungary.
In 1881, _______ joined this alliance forming the ______________.

8. Triple Alliance (1881)

9. Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace
In 1890, Germany’s foreign policy changed dramatically. That year, __________—ruler of Germany—forced Bismarck to resign.
Wilhelm let his nation’s treaty with Russia lapse in 1890.
___________ a military alliance with France in 1892 and Such an alliance had been Bismarck’s fear.

10. Picture of Kaiser Wilhelm II

11. Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace (continued)
Kaiser Wilhelm II starts a shipbuilding program to make the German navy equal to the British fleet.
Alarmed by this, England forms the _________ with France and Russia.
Therefore, there are two rival camps in Europe: the ____________ and the Triple Entente.

12. Military Alliances Before World War I

13. Crisis in the Balkans
This mountainous peninsula in the southeastern corner of Europe was home to an assortment of ethnic groups. With a long history of nationalist uprisings and ethnic clashes, the Balkans was known as the ____________ of Europe.

14. A Restless Region
By the early 1900s the __________ had declined and the peoples of the Balkans had formed new nations: Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia.
Serbia had a large ___________ and was supported by Russia.
In 1908, Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbian leaders were outraged and tensions between the two nations rose.

15. A Shot Rings Throughout Europe
On June 28, 1914 the heir to the throne of Austria, _______________ and his wife Sophie, paid a visit to Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. Foolishly, they were riding in an open car.

17. Assassination and Ultimatum
The couple was shot by 19-year-old _________ (right), a Serbian nationalist member of the terrorist organization Black Hand.

18. Location of Assassination

19. Historical Marker

20. Ultimatum
__________ delivers an ultimatum to Serbia with numerous demands on July 23, Serbia agreed to most of the demands trying to avoid war.

21. Historical Artifact
The blood stained uniform of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

22. The War Begins
____________: Austria rejects Serbia’s offer of most of the demands and declared war on Serbia.
Russia, the protector of Serbia, mobilizes its forces toward the Austrian border.