1. Bones of the lower limb Krešimir Tućin 2nd year, 2013/14
University of Zagreb Medical School
Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

2. Function Carry and support the weight of the entire erect body
Points for muscular attachments
Locomotion (standing, walking, jumping, running, kicking, etc.)

3. Components Thigh Knee Leg Foot Femur Patella Tibia (medial)
Fibula (lateral)
Foot
Tarsals (7)
Metatarsals (5)
Phalanges (14)

4. Surface anatomy Bony prominences and margins – palpable
Exception: hip joint, neck, and shaft of the femur
Anatomical landmarks – define the extent of the leg
Superior anterior iliac spine, greater trochanter, medial condyle of tibia, and medial malleolus

5. Posterior side – only tendons palpable
Anterior thigh
Patella
Femur
Condyles
Anterior leg bones
Tibia
Tibial tuberosity
Anterior crest
Medial surface
Medial malleolus
Fibula
Head
Lateral malleolus
Posterior side – only tendons palpable

6. Femur Thigh bone Largest, longest, strongest bone in the body!
Receives a lot of stress
Courses medially
More in women!
Articulates with acetabulum proximally hip (“ball and socket”) joint
Articulates with tibia and patella distally knee joint
lat. acetabulum = vinegar cup

8. Knee Femur, patella, tibia Patella Kneecap Triangular sesamoid bone
Protects knee joint
Improves leverage of thigh muscles acting across the knee
Contained within patellar ligament

9. Tibia
Shin bone
Receives weight of body from femur and transmits to foot
Second to femur in size and weight
Articulates with fibula proximally and distally
Articulates with femur and patella proximally

10. Fibula Does NOT bear weight! Muscle attachment Not part of knee joint
Stabilizes ankle joint
*ankle joint = tibia, fibula, talus

11. Fractures of the tibia and fibula

12. Foot Function: Parts: Supports the weight of the body
Acts as a lever to propel the body forward
Parts:
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges of the foot

13. Tarsals Hind part of the foot 7 short bones Similar to the carpals
Parts:
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
3 Cuneiforms
Cuboid

14. Metatarsals and phalanges of the foot
Midfoot
Similar to metacarpals
Phalanges
Forefoot
2 in the big toe, 3 in each of the other toes
Both long bones

15. Foot arches 3 arches Flat foot Medial Longitudinal Lateral Transverse
Tendons
Inferior to foot bones
Help support arches of foot
Function
Support the weight of the body during standing
Elastic propulsion during walking
Flat foot

16. References en.wikipedia.org www.innerbody.com www.dartmouth.edu
faculty.ccri.edu
Elsevier, Drake et al: Gray's anatomy for students